. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Mar 4.

Published in final edited form as: J Rural Health. 2019 Mar 4;35(2):155–166. doi: 10.1111/jrh.12350

Table 2.

Factors Associated with Sun Protection Behaviors

COVARIATES	When you go out on a warm sunny day for MORE than one hour, how often do you STAY IN THE SHADE?							When you go out on a warm sunny day for MORE than one hour, how often do you USE SUNSCREEN?
	Sometimes vs rarely/never			Always/most of the time vs rarely/never				Sometimes vs rarely/never			Always/most of the time vs rarely/never
	OR	95% CI	P Value	OR	95% CI	P Value	Type 3 P Value	OR	95% CI	P Value	OR	95% CI	P Value	Type 3 P Value
Locale							.004							.044
Rural vs Urban	0.86	0.59–1.25	.434	0.58	0.40–0.84	.004		0.90	0.65–1.24	.516	0.65	0.46–0.91	.013

SEX							< .001							< .001
Female vs Male	1.24	0.90–1.72	.193	1.93	1.40–2.66	< .001		1.41	1.06–1.88	.020	2.58	1.92–3.47	< .001

AGE							.552							.292
≤ 22 years vs 56–65 years	0.89	0.41–1.93	.770	0.63	0.29–1.36	.236		0.86	0.42–1.74	.666	1.31	0.69–2.49	.410
23–35 years vs 56–65 years	0.87	0.48–1.59	.648	0.87	0.47–1.60	.643		1.20	0.70–2.06	.499	1.38	0.84–2.29	.205
36–55 years vs 56–65 years	0.82	0.48–1.42	.484	0.81	0.48–1.39	.453		1.24	0.76–2.01	.394	1.70	1.09–2.65	.020
≥ 66 years vs 56–65 years	0.72	0.35–1.48	.375	1.22	0.57–2.58	.610		0.73	0.38–1.42	.352	1.14	0.63–2.10	.662

Race and Ethnicity							.136							< .001
NHB vs NHW	0.86	0.53–1.41	.552	1.47	0.91–2.35	.115		0.32	0.21–0.49	< .001	0.29	0.18–0.45	< .001
Hispanic vs NHW	0.91	0.60–1.39	.661	1.18	0.78–1.77	.437		0.70	0.48–1.01	.056	0.66	0.45–0.95	.026
Other race vs NHW	0.70	0.37–1.31	.264	0.88	0.48–1.59	.666		0.89	0.52–1.53	.671	0.84	0.49–1.45	.540

Born in US							.461							.175
No vs Yes	0.91	0.50–1.68	.768	1.20	0.68–2.12	.531		0.63	0.39–1.03	.064	0.79	0.50–1.25	.308

Education (vs 12 years/completed high school)							.518							.453
Less than high school	1.14	0.54–2.40	.733	0.98	0.48–2.00	.965		0.87	0.46–1.67	.683	1.15	0.61–2.16	.672
Post High School/some college	1.02	0.66–1.56	.933	0.82	0.54–1.25	.363		0.88	0.61–1.26	.473	1.08	0.75–1.57	.672
College graduate/postgraduate	1.31	0.82–2.09	.252	0.90	0.57–1.42	.647		1.13	0.77–1.67	.526	1.47	0.98–2.18	.060

Marital Status							.449							.144
Divorced/separated vs married/living as married	0.98	0.57–1.66	.928	1.19	0.71–1.97	.509		0.92	0.58–1.48	.743	1.77	1.15–2.73	.010
Single/never been married vs married/living as married	1.41	0.95–2.09	.092	1.41	0.95–2.09	.085		1.02	0.71–1.46	.929	1.25	0.87–1.80	.225
Widowed vs married/living as married	1.82	0.64–5.23	.264	1.69	0.58–4.94	.341		0.71	0.34–1.47	.355	0.94	0.43–2.05	.881

Total Household	1.00	0.91–1.09	.909	1.01	0.92–1.09	.912	.963	0.98	0.90–1.06	.551	1.00	0.92–1.08	.940	.828

Employment Status							.075							.520
Disabled vs Employed	1.93	0.85–4.40	.118	1.84	0.86–3.94	.117		0.67	0.34–1.32	.250	0.51	0.26–0.99	.046
Homemaker vs Employed	1.34	0.77–2.33	.301	1.05	0.62–1.78	.865		1.02	0.65–1.60	.920	0.89	0.58–1.37	.585
Retired vs Employed	0.69	0.27–1.74	.429	0.73	0.30–1.76	.482		1.35	0.60–3.04	.466	0.85	0.34–2.16	.735
Student vs Employed	1.59	0.80–3.15	.183	0.95	0.47–1.94	.896		0.98	0.52–1.85	.954	0.93	0.53–1.61	.781
Unemployed vs Employed	1.59	0.78–3.26	.203	0.76	0.38–1.52	.435		1.28	0.69–2.37	.434	1.19	0.63–2.27	.590
Other vs Employed	1.30	0.75–2.28	.353	0.76	0.44–1.31	.315		0.59	0.36–0.97	.037	0.76	0.46–1.26	.286

Income							.237							.239
<$20,000 vs $50,000 - $74,999	0.56	0.33–0.97	.037	0.69	0.41–1.16	.162		0.77	0.49–1.21	.257	0.66	0.42–1.05	.079
$20,000 - $49,999 vs $50,000 - $74,999	0.83	0.53–1.33	.441	0.75	0.48–1.17	.209		0.87	0.60–1.27	.465	0.68	0.47–0.99	.043
$75,000 - $99,999 vs $50,000 - $74,999	0.56	0.31–1.00	.050	0.59	0.34–1.03	.064		1.21	0.74–1.98	.441	1.19	0.75–1.90	.464
≥$100,000 vs $50,000 - $74,999	0.88	0.49–1.60	.672	0.70	0.39–1.23	.212		0.78	0.47–1.31	.348	0.93	0.59–1.47	.765

Home Ownership							.705							.262
Occupied vs Own	0.67	0.37–1.19	.168	0.74	0.42–1.33	.315		0.76	0.45–1.28	.302	0.64	0.37–1.10	.106
Rent vs Own	0.85	0.58–1.24	.387	0.93	0.65–1.32	.671		0.86	0.62–1.19	.361	0.74	0.54–1.00	.048

BMI							.238							.215
Underweight vs normal	0.61	0.25–1.53	.294	1.14	0.46–2.79	.780		1.21	0.54–2.70	.641	1.43	0.68–3.01	.346
Overweight vs normal	1.11	0.74–1.67	.609	1.04	0.70–1.56	.838		0.82	0.57–1.17	.268	1.13	0.80–1.59	.487
Obesity Class I vs normal	0.91	0.58–1.45	.700	1.11	0.71–1.72	.652		0.73	0.49–1.08	.117	0.78	0.53–1.16	.218
Obesity Class II vs normal	1.38	0.73–2.57	.320	1.76	0.95–3.24	.072		0.71	0.43–1.18	.185	0.58	0.34–0.99	.046
Obesity Class III vs normal	1.21	0.64–2.28	.566	1.80	1.00–3.24	.051		0.62	0.37–1.04	.070	0.81	0.50–1.31	.393

Smoking Status							.375							.018
Current vs Never	1.25	0.83–1.88	.285	0.93	0.63–1.39	.730		0.61	0.43–0.88	.008	0.67	0.46–0.97	.034
Former vs Never	1.33	0.83–2.13	.232	1.14	0.72–1.79	.584		0.72	0.48–1.10	.125	1.09	0.75–1.60	.642

Diabetes							.232							.174
Borderline vs No	0.82	0.45–1.48	.501	0.69	0.39–1.22	.196		0.92	0.56–1.52	.743	0.68	0.39–1.19	.175
Yes vs No	0.81	0.47–1.41	.460	1.17	0.71–1.94	.537		0.74	0.46–1.20	.226	1.25	0.83–1.89	.291

Depression							.204							.074
Few times per year vs Never	1.34	0.90–2.01	.153	1.14	0.77–1.69	.519		1.31	0.92–1.85	.133	0.94	0.67–1.32	.722
Daily/monthly/weekly vs Never	0.99	0.67–1.47	.965	1.16	0.80–1.70	.438		0.90	0.63–1.29	.572	0.72	0.51–1.01	.054

Cancer History, Personal							.242							.015
Yes vs No	0.70	0.37–1.32	.272	1.07	0.59–1.95	.819		1.36	0.78–2.38	.284	2.14	1.27–3.61	.004

Cancer History, Family							.393							.124
Not sure vs No	1.23	0.69–2.20	.485	0.91	0.52–1.59	.727		0.75	0.46–1.22	.249	0.78	0.47–1.29	.329
Yes vs No	0.98	0.67–1.43	.906	0.78	0.54–1.11	.168		0.65	0.47–0.90	.008	0.79	0.57–1.09	.145

P values < .05 are bolded