Table 1.
Descriptive Statistics for Key Variables
| Mean | Standard Deviation | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
GSA Functions (Range: 1=not at all, to 5=a lot) |
||||
| Information Received | 3.68 | 1.05 | ||
| Information Desired | 3.95 | 1.14 | ||
| Socializing/Support Received | 4.46 | 0.67 | ||
| Socializing/Support Desired | 4.13 | 1.17 | ||
| Advocacy Received | 3.12 | 0.96 | ||
| Advocacy Desired | 4.20 | 0.99 | ||
| Positive Youth Competencies | ||||
| Self-Reflection (Range: 1=Strongly disagree to 6=Strongly agree) | 4.43 | 1.27 | ||
| Bravery (Range: 1=Very inaccurate to 5=Very accurate) | 3.46 | 0.96 | ||
| Civic Engagement (Range: 1=Strongly disagree to 5=Strongly agree) | 2.97 | 1.03 | ||
| Agency (Range: 1=Definitely false to 8=Definitely true) | 5.04 | 1.69 | ||
| Victimization (Range 0=0 times in past mo. to 4=7+ times in past mo.) | 0.54 | 0.72 | ||
| Membership Duration (Years) | 1.56 | 1.22 | ||
| Demographics | n | % | ||
| Grade Level | ||||
| 8th | 3 | 1.0 | ||
| 9th | 46 | 16.1 | ||
| 10th | 88 | 30.8 | ||
| 11th | 94 | 32.9 | ||
| 12th | 55 | 19.2 | ||
| Racial/Ethnic Minority Identity | 90 | 31.4 | ||
| Sexual Orientation | ||||
| Heterosexual | 87 | 29.5 | ||
| Lesbian/Gay | 73 | 24.7 | ||
| Bisexual | 59 | 20.0 | ||
| Questioning | 18 | 6.1 | ||
| Other Identity | 55 | 18.6 | ||
| Sex and Gender Identity | ||||
| Cisgender Female | 200 | 67.8 | ||
| Cisgender Male | 66 | 22.4 | ||
| Transgender MTF | 1 | 0.3 | ||
| Transgender FTM | 10 | 3.4 | ||
| Genderqueer, or other identity | 16 | 5.5 | ||
| Structural Indicators | ||||
| Students Eligible for Free Lunch at School | 31.2 | |||
| Urbanicity | ||||
| Urban | 24 | 8.3 | ||
| Suburban | 249 | 85.9 | ||
| Rural | 17 | 5.9 | ||
| Liberal Voting Pattern | 53.5 | |||
| Same-Gender Households (Density per 1000) | 8.08 | 3.66 |
Note. Descriptive statistics are reported for participant demographics, victimization experiences, and Gay-Straight Alliance (GSA) functions received and desired, and positive developmental competencies. Analysis sample n=290. Structural indicators: Urbanicity was coded at the level of the school and assigned to each student. Proportion students eligible for free lunch is reported at the level of the school and represents the overall average across schools in the sample. Liberal voting pattern represents percentages voting democrat in the 2014 Massachusetts gubernatorial election within the voting precinct of the school. Same-gender households represents the density per 1000 adults in same-gender households in the county of the school. More details can be found in the Method.