Table 3:
Mean differencesa (95% confidence intervals) in levator hiatus area, genital hiatus, and strength outcomes.
| Group | Hiatus area at max Valsalva (cm2) | Genital hiatus (GH) with strain (cm) | Change in hiatus area with contraction (cm2) | peak pressure (cmH2O)b |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neither levator ani avulsion nor Forceps (n=355) | Ref | Ref | Ref | ref |
| Only Forceps delivery (n=32) | −0.7 (−4.1, 2.6) |
−0.3 (−0.6, 0.1) |
−0.3 (−1.5, 0.9) |
−2.7 (−8.9, 3.5) |
| Only Levator ani avulsion (n=36) |
7.3 (4.1, 10.4) |
0.6 (0.3, 0.9) |
−0.6 (−1.7, 0.6) |
−14.5 (−20.4, −8.7) |
| Levator ani avulsion and forceps delivery (n=30) |
11.4 (7.9, 14.9) |
0.7 (0.4, 1.1) |
−0.6 (−1.9, 0.6) |
−17.0 (−23.4, −10.6) |
a
Mean differences correspond to beta coefficients (increase or decrease for each measurement) derived from multivariable linear regression, adjusted for age, race, macrosomia, and prolonged second stage of labor. Statistically significant results are shown in bold font.