Table 1.

Derivation study characteristics.

Scale	Derivation dataset	Location	Recruitment type	Enrolment dates	Stroke type	Exclusion criteria of note
ASTRAL	Acute Stroke Registry and Analysis of Lausanne	Switzerland	Single-center	Jan 2003 to Jul 2010	Ischemic	Pre-stroke mRS > 2
DRAGON	Bespoke cohort	Finland	Single-center	1995 to Sep 2010	Ischemic	Basilar artery occlusions
FSV	Stroke Outcome Study	Canada	Single-center	2001 to 2002	Ischemic, hemorrhagic
iSCORE	Registry of the Canadian Stroke Network	Canada	Multi-center	Jul 2003 to Jun 2008	Ischemic
PLAN	Registry of the Canadian Stroke Network	Canada	Multi-center	Jul 2003 to Mar 2008	Ischemic	Patients receiving IV-tPA
SNARL	Endovascular registry	Unclear	Multi-center	Sep 2009 to Jul 2011	Ischemic
SOAR	Anglia Stroke and Heart Clinical Network Database	United Kingdom	Multi-center	1997 to 2010	Ischemic, hemorrhagic
SPI	Carotid ultrasound register	United States	Single-center	Jan 1984 to Feb 1987	Ischemic	Artificial heart valves, previous cerebrovascular event
S-TPI	NINDS 1 & 2, ATLANTIS A & B, ECASS 2 cohorts	International	Multi-center	Jan 1991 to Jul 1998*	Ischemic	Multiple, related to primary randomized control trials; minor strokes
THRIVE	MERCI, Multi MERCI cohorts	International	Multi-center	May 2001 to Dec 2003; Jan 2004 to Jul 2006	Ischemic	Multiple, related to primary single-arm trials.

IV-tPA, intravenous tissue plasminogen activator; mRS, modified Rankin Scale.

^*Combined recruitment period for all trials.