Table 1.
Characteristics of the sample analyzed at time 1 by allocation group.
| Variable (Minimum–Maximum) | Hassles (n = 123) | Events (n = 134) | Gratitude (n = 153) | Total (n = 410) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (Standard Deviation)# | F (df) | |||||
| Age (18–78) | 32.64 (10.23) | 32.75 (10.47) | 32.79 (11.40) | 32.73 (10.72) | 0.993 | 0,007 (2, 407) |
| PANAS negative affect (10–50)∗ | 24.49 (7.62) | 23.90 (7.89) | 23.46 (7.91) | 23.91 (7.81) | 0.558 | 0,585 (2, 407) |
| PANAS positive affect (10–50) | 28.32 (7.15) | 29.26 (7.75) | 29.63 (7.46) | 29.11 (7.47) | 0.338 | 1,088 (2, 407) |
| CES-D (20–80) | 40.07 (7.91) | 40.57 (7.51) | 40.20 (7.96) | 40.28 (7.79) | 0.865 | 0,145 (2, 407) |
| SHS (4–28) | 18.07 (5.35) | 18.51 (5.46) | 18.83 (5.85) | 18.50 (5.57) | 0.534 | 0,628 (2, 407) |
| SWLS (5–35) | 21.02 (7.08) | 22.02 (7.67) | 22.12 (7.63) | 21.76 (7.48) | 0.422 | 0,864 (2, 407) |
| n (%)## | χ2 (df) | |||||
| Sex | 0.676 | 2,860 (4) | ||||
| Male | 25 (20.3) | 30 (22.4) | 38 (24.8) | 93 (22.7) | ||
| Female | 98 (79.7) | 104 (77.6) | 115 (75.2) | 317 (77.3) | ||
| Region of the Country | 0.859 | 5,446 (10) | ||||
| South | 57 (46.3) | 61 (45.5) | 69 (45.1) | 187 (45.6) | ||
| Southeast | 49 (39.8) | 43 (32.1) | 56 (36.6) | 148 (36.1) | ||
| Other | 17 (13.8) | 30 (22.4) | 28 (18.3) | 75 (18.3) | ||
| Education | 0.914 | 4,034 (8) | ||||
| Secondary education | 1 (0.8) | 2 (1.5) | 4 (2.6) | 7 (1.7) | ||
| University | 56 (45.5) | 60 (44.8) | 67 (43.8) | 183 (44.6) | ||
| Postgraduate | 66 (53.7) | 72 (53.7) | 82 (53.6) | 220 (53.7) | ||
| Marital status | 0.434 | 3,798 (4) | ||||
| Single | 72 (58.5) | 80 (59.7) | 87 (56.9) | 239 (58.3) | ||
| Married | 45 (36.6) | 46 (34.3) | 50 (32.7) | 141 (34.4) | ||
| Separated | 6 (4.9) | 8 (6.0) | 16 (10.5) | 30 (7.3) | ||
| Number of children | 0.273 | 7,552 (6) | ||||
| No children | 90 (73.2) | 108 (80.6) | 111 (72.5) | 309 (75.4) | ||
| 1 child | 14 (11.4) | 13 (9.7) | 24 (15.7) | 51 (12.4) | ||
| 2 or more children | 19 (15.4) | 13 (9.7) | 18 (11.8) | 50 (12.2) | ||
| Income | 0.737 | 10,478 (14) | ||||
| Up to 3 minimum wages∗∗ | 20 (16.3) | 28 (20.9) | 23 (15.0) | 71 (17.3) | ||
| From 3 to 9 minimum wages | 57 (46.3) | 54 (40.3) | 80 (52.3) | 191 (46.6) | ||
| From 9 to 15 minimum wages | 27 (22.0) | 27 (20.1) | 25 (16.3) | 79 (19.3) | ||
| More than 15 minimum wages | 16 (13.0) | 19 (14.2) | 15 (9.8) | 50 (12.2) | ||
| Not stated | 3 (2.4) | 6 (4.5) | 10 (6.5) | 19 (4.6) | ||
| Race/Color | 0.894 | 2,264 (6) | ||||
| White | 100 (81.3) | 105 (78.4) | 117 (76.5) | 322 (78.5) | ||
| Brown | 17 (13.8) | 18 (13.4) | 24 (15.7) | 59 (14.4) | ||
| Other | 6 (4.9) | 11 (8.2) | 12 (7.8) | 29 (7.1) | ||
| Religion | 0.128 | 12,551 (8) | ||||
| Catholicism | 31 (25.2) | 41 (30.6) | 47 (30.7) | 119 (29.0) | ||
| Spiritism | 22 (17.9) | 36 (26.9) | 24 (15.7) | 82 (20.0) | ||
| No religion | 40 (32.5) | 30 (22.4) | 42 (27.5) | 112 (27.3) | ||
| Other | 30 (24.4) | 27 (20.1) | 40 (26.1) | 97 (23.7) | ||
n, sample size; p, significance level; df, degrees of freedom; %, percentage; PANAS, positive and negative affect schedule; CES-D, center for epidemiological studies depression scale; SHS, subjective happiness scale; SWLS, satisfaction with life scale. #ANOVA. ##Pearson’s Chi-Squared Test. ∗Possible minimum and maximum scores in each scale. ∗∗The average minimum wage in Brazil at the time of the data collection was BRL 880.