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. 2019 Mar 27;9:5255. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-41658-4

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Pupil diameter increased following the onset of target and distractor tones, but was elevated longer following a target tone. (a) Standardized pupil diameter for each sample following the onset of a trial during the encoding and counting task. The black horizontal line indicates significant differences at p < 0.05 without correction for multiple comparisons (tests were performed every 83.3 ms, see text for exact times). (b) Phasic pupil response (area under the curve) for trials following target and distractor tones. (c) Starting pupil diameter during the first 100 ms following trial onset. Error bars and shading represent +/− one standard error of the mean.