Table 2.
Body composition characteristics between the NGT and IGM/T2D groups at baseline and follow-up
| NGT group (n = 91) | IGM/T2D group (n = 51) | ANOVA p value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Follow-up | Baseline | Follow-up | Group | Time | Group × time | |
| Age (years) | 41 (36–47) | 53 (48–59)* | 45 (39–49) | 56 (51–60)* | 0.049 | <0.0001 | 0.160 |
| Anthropometry | |||||||
| Weight (kg) | 75.6 (64.5–89.6) | 83.0 (70.8–96.4)* | 77.6 (69.5–87.5) | 79.4 (72.6–100.2)* | 0.383 | <0.0001 | 0.363 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 30.8 (25.1–35.6) | 33.4 (28.6–38.6)* | 31.2 (27.3–34.8) | 32.6 (28.8–38.1)* | 0.459 | <0.0001 | 0.304 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 86.1 ± 10.7 | 98.0 ± 12.5* | 92.0 ± 12.0aa | 102.7 ± 12.5a* | 0.007 | <0.0001 | 0.269 |
| Hip circumference (cm) | 114.5 (105.6–123.0) | 120.2 (110.5–129.0)* | 112.5 (106.0–122.0) | 116.4 (109.0–128.9)* | 0.636 | <0.0001 | 0.874 |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.75 (0.70–0.80) | 0.82 (0.77–0.85)* | 0.81 (0.76–0.86)aa | 0.85 (0.81–0.90)aa* | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.426 |
| Body composition and body fat distribution | |||||||
| Fat-free soft tissue mass (kg) | 35.9 (31.4–39.2) | 36.7 (32.8–39.8) | 36.5 (33.4–40.2) | 36.4 (33.4–40.4) | 0.099 | 0.154 | 0.209 |
| Body fat mass (kg) | 31.7 (24.4–40.2) | 38.7 (29.5–48.3)* | 32.9 (28.1–40.6) | 35.7(31.6–47.8)* | 0.571 | <0.0001 | 0.280 |
| Body fat (%) | 46.7 (40.5–51.1) | 51.1 (45.3–54.5) * | 46.8 (43.2–49.7) | 50.1 (45.9–53.5) * | 0.655 | <0.0001 | 0.586 |
| Trunk %FM | 43.2 ± 4.3 | 44.6 ± 5.2* | 47.2 ± 4.2aa | 49.5 ± 4.8aa* | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.151 |
| Arm %FM | 10.9 (9.9–11.9) | 11.5 (10.5–12.5) * | 11.7 (10.8–13.1)aa | 12.3 (10.7–14.0)a | 0.002 | <0.0001 | 0.172 |
| Leg %FM | 45.6 (42.3–49.6) | 42.9 (40.2–47.5)* | 41.0 (37.3–44.1)aa | 38.5 (35.4–41.7)aa* | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.244 |
| VAT (cm2) | 102 (71–153) | 151 (104 –193)* | 136 (103–171)aa | 174 (150–230)aa* | <0.001 | <0.0001 | 0.601 |
| SAT (cm2) | 410 (274 –539) | 520 (376–614)* | 445 (322–535) | 496 (382–608)* | 0.558 | <0.0001 | 0.135 |
Data presented as means ± SD or median (25th–75th percentiles). The NGT group (n = 91) includes participants that remained NGT at follow-up. The IGM/T2D group (n = 51) consist of participants that developed IFG/IGT or T2D over the 13-year follow-up period. BMI, body mass index; % FM (expressed as a percentage of subtotal fat mass); VAT, visceral adipose tissue area; SAT, subcutaneous adipose tissue area.
ap < 0.05, aap < 0.01 IGM/T2D group vs NGT group at baseline and/or follow-up
*p < 0.0001 Baseline vs follow-up within a defined group