Table 1.
Summary of the epidemiology data reported in the studies included in the systematic literature review
| Studies/references | Study design | Period to register hypoglycemia | Study entry criteria (cases) | Healthcare system setting | Number of patients | Mean age (years)a | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| According to follow-up | According to data collection | ||||||
| T1DM | |||||||
| Reviriego et al. [31] | Retrospective | Cross-sectional | 2 years | Patients who experienced at least one SH | Hospital | 100 | 33.22 ± 12.17 |
| Carral et al. [32] | Retrospective | Cross-sectional | 1 month | 16 to 60 year-old patients with T1DM (at least 12 months) | Hospital (endocrinologist) | 130 | 33.90 ± 11.50 |
| T2DM | |||||||
| Durán Alonso et al. [19] | Retrospective | Cross-sectional | NA | Elderly patients with T2DM | PC (nursing homes) | 312 | 79.70 |
| Pérez et al. [20] | Retrospective | Cross-sectional | 1 year | ≥ 18 year-old patients with T2DM (at least 12 months) | PC | 5382 | 66.70 ± 10.80 |
| Depablos-Velasco et al. [21] | Retrospective | Cross-sectional | 1 year | ≥ 40 year-old patients with T2DM (at least 12 months) | PC | 751 | 67.70 ± 9.90 |
| Sicras-Mainar et al. [22] | Retrospective | Longitudinal | 2 year | ≥ 40 year-old patients with T2DM (at least 12 months) | PC and hospital | 3760 | 67.80 ± 11.30 |
| Alonso-Morán et al. [23] | Retrospective | Cross-sectional | 1 year | Patients with T2DM or unspecified | Hospital | 134,413 | – |
| Jódar-Gimeno et al. [24] | Retrospective | Cross-sectional | 6 months | ≥ 18 year-old patients with DM (at least 12 months), receiving treatment | PC and specialized care | 3812 | 64 ± 11 |
| T1DM and T2DM | |||||||
| Lindner et al. [25] | Retrospective | Cross-sectional | 1 year | Hospitalizations due to SHE obtained from BMDS | Hospital | 3,254,464 | – |
| Orozco-Beltrán et al. [26] | Retrospective | Cross-sectional | 7 previous days (NSHE) and 1 year (SHE) | > 15 year-old patients with DM, receiving insulin | – | 630 |
T1DM: 39.90 ± 12.80 T2DM: 63.50 ± 15.10 |
| DM | |||||||
| Brod et al. [27] | Retrospective | Cross-sectional | 1 month | ≥ 18 year-old patients, with DM, who presented at least one episode of NSNHE the last month | – | 242 | 42.20 ± 11.90 |
| Brod et al. [28] | Retrospective | Cross-sectional | 1 month | ≥ 18 year-old patients, with DM, who presented at least one episode of NSNHE the last month | – | 242 | 42.20 ± 11.90 |
| Barranco et al. [29] | Retrospective | Cross-sectional | 1 year | All registered emergency calls in Andalusia | Emergency service | 8683 emergency calls for hypoglycemic event | 66 ± 20.20 |
| Gómez-Huelgas et al. [30] | Retrospective | Cross-sectional | 14 years | Discharges with diabetes obtained from BMDS | Hospital | 5,447,725 | 70.20 ± 13.90 |
| Neonatal | |||||||
| García-Patterson et al. [33] | Retrospective | Cross-sectional | 20 years | Pregnancies with GDM with a gestational age > 22 weeks | Hospital | 2029 newborns | Maternal 33 (17–46) |
| Studies/references | Mean duration of diabetes (years)a | Hypoglycemia frequency | Total number of hypoglycemic events/year | Nocturnal hypoglycemia | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SHE | NSHE | SHE | NSHE | ||||
| T1DM | |||||||
| Reviriego et al. [31] | 16.90 ± 10.90 |
Mean: 2.99 events/patient/2 years (1.50 events/patient/yearb) Median: 2/patient/2 years (1/patient/yearb) |
– | – | – | ||
|
Mean: 54.40 events/patient/2 years (27.20 events/patient/yearb) Median: 24/patient/2 years (12/patient/yearb) | |||||||
| Carral et al. [32] | 16.50 ± 9.50 | 7.40 events/patient ± 5.80 in the last month | – | – | |||
| T2DM | |||||||
| Durán Alonso et al. [19] |
66.90% ≥ 10 years 25.40% ≥ 5 years 6.10% ≤ 5 years 1.60% ≤ 1 year |
15.70% (symptomatic) | – | – | |||
| Pérez et al. [20] | 8.80 ± 6.30 | 6.80% | 93.20% (NSHE or not hypo) | – | – | ||
| Depablos-Velasco et al. [21] | 8.40 ± 6.50 | 1.90% (≥ 1/year) | 9.60% (> 1/month) | – | – | – | |
| Sicras-Mainar et al. [22] | 8.50 ± 3.50 | 37.70% (need medical attention) | – | – | |||
| Alonso-Morán et al. [23] | – | 0.56% | – | 0.63 episodes/patient | – | – | |
| Jódar-Gimeno et al. [24] | 10 ± 7 | 45% | – | ||||
| T1DM and T2DM | |||||||
| Lindner et al. [25] | – | – | – |
0.82% T2DM: 1.82 per 10,000 |
– | – | |
| Orozco-Beltrán et al. [26] |
T1DM: 18.50 ± 11 T2DM: 20 ± 16.40 |
– |
T1DM: 1.70 events/week T2DM: 0.40-0.80 events/week |
T1DM: 0.90 events/year T2DM: 0.30-0.40 events/year |
T1DM: 88 events/year T2DM: 18.30-42.10 events/year |
T1DM NSHE: 26% T2DM NSHE: 30–32% |
|
| DM | |||||||
| Brod et al. [27] | 10.20 ± 8.50 | – | 100% | – | 100% | ||
| Brod et al. [28] | 10.20 ± 8.50 | – | 100% | – | 100% (21.60 events/year) | ||
| Barranco et al. [29] | – | – | – |
General population: 10.34 episodes per 10,000 person/year DM patients: 80 (78-83) episodes per 10,000 person/year |
– |
No. of patients: 2297 Nocturnal SHEs: 0.34 episodes per hour of all urgencies registered |
|
| Gómez-Huelgas et al. [30] | – |
1.70% discharges with primary hypoglycemia 2.80% with secondary hypoglycemia |
– | – | – | ||
| Neonatal | |||||||
| García-Patterson et al. [33] | – | 3% | – | – | |||
BMDS Basic minimum data set, DM diabetes mellitus, GDM gestational diabetes mellitus, NSHE non-severe hypoglycemic event, NSNHE non-severe nocturnal hypoglycemic event, PC primary care, SHE severe hypoglycemic event, T1DM Type 1 DM, T2DM Type 2 DM
aStandard deviation
bCalculated