Table 1.
Baseline patient characteristics, procedural characteristics and clinical outcome.
| Overall n = 354 |
CFS 1–3 n = 281 |
CFS 4–5 n = 62 |
CFS 6–7 n = 11 |
p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| -Patient clinical characteristics | |||||
| Age, years | 69.8 ± 12.4 | 66.2 ± 11.1 | 83.5 ± 4.6 | 84.4 ± 8.0 | <0.001 |
| Age ≥ 75 years, n (%) | 131 (37.0) | 62 (22.1) | 59 (95.2) | 10 (90.9) | <0.001 |
| male, n (%) | 271 (76.6) | 239 (85.1) | 26 (41.9) | 6 (54.5) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 23.7 ± 4.5 | 23.9 ± 3.8 | 23.0 ± 6.8 | 23.8 ± 5.6 | 0.40 |
| Prior heart failure, n (%) | 6 (1.7) | 3 (1.1) | 2 (3.2) | 1 (9.1) | 0.076 |
| Prior MI, n (%) | 30 (8.5) | 21 (7.5) | 6 (9.7) | 3 (27.3) | 0.064 |
| Prior PCI, n (%) | 32 (9.0) | 22 (7.8) | 9 (14.5) | 1 (9.1) | 0.25 |
| Prior CABG, n (%) | 2 (0.6) | 2 (0.7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.77 |
| Prior ischemic stroke, n (%) | 14 (4.0) | 8 (2.8) | 5 (8.1) | 1 (9.1) | 0.10 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 231 (65.3) | 191 (68) | 35 (56.5) | 5 (45.5) | 0.065 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 96 (27.1) | 75 (26.7) | 19 (30.6) | 2 (18.2) | 0.65 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 190 (53.7) | 150 (53.4) | 36 (58.1) | 4 (36.4) | 0.40 |
| current smoking, n (%) | 141 (39.8) | 118 (42.0) | 20 (32.3) | 3 (27.3) | 0.23 |
| CKD, n (%) | 156 (44.1) | 104 (37.0) | 45 (72.6) | 7 (63.6) | <0.001 |
| -Findings at presentation | |||||
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 132.0 ± 32.5 | 133.0 ± 33.3 | 127.6 ± 30.3 | 131.7 ± 24.5 | 0.50 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 77.9 ± 21.9 | 79.8 ± 22.7 | 70.0 ± 16.8 | 74.5 ± 16.0 | 0.006 |
| Heart rate, bpm | 75.4 ± 23.4 | 75.2 ± 23.6 | 74.6 ± 20.0 | 86.2 ± 23.6 | 0.28 |
| Killip class | 1.4 ± 0.8 | 1.3 ± 0.8 | 1.4 ± 0.8 | 1.8 ± 1.0 | 0.11 |
| Killip class ≥ 3, n (%) | 32 (9.0) | 23 (8.2) | 7 (11.3) | 2 (18.2) | 0.42 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 13.6 ± 2.0 | 14.0 ± 1.8 | 11.9 ± 1.8 | 12.5 ± 2.7 | <0.001 |
| LDL-cholesterol, mg/dL | 116.5 ± 36.7 | 121.0 ± 95.6 | 99.4 ± 28.1 | 99.7 ± 33.2 | <0.001 |
| HDL-cholesterol, mg/dL | 43.5 ± 12.4 | 43.4 ± 11.4 | 43.0 ± 13.0 | 47.9 ± 26.7 | 0.47 |
| Total-cholesterol, mg/dL | 184.6 ± 43.1 | 189.4 ± 44.2 | 165.4 ± 33.0 | 170.7 ± 33.3 | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 114.5 ± 89.8 | 121.0 ± 95.6 | 95.2 ± 59.8 | 60.9 ± 27.3 | 0.016 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 63.4 ± 23.7 | 66.8 ± 22.5 | 50.2 ± 23.9 | 58.7 ± 26.4 | <0.001 |
| Albumin, g/dL | 4.1 ± 0.5 | 4.2 ± 0.5 | 3.7 ± 0.5 | 3.8 ± 0.5 | <0.001 |
| Albumin < 3.5 g/dL, n (%) | 35 (9.9) | 18 (6.4) | 15 (24.2) | 2 (18.2) | <0.001 |
| White blood cell count, ×103/μL | 10.1 ± 3.6 | 10.2 ± 3.6 | 9.5 ± 3.4 | 10.8 ± 4.4 | 0.29 |
| peak CK, IU/L | 1823.5 (782.8–3216.0) | 1834.0 (798.0–3349.5) | 1457.0 (689.8–2922.3) | 1917.0 (426.0–5138.0) | 0.34 |
| peak CKMB, IU/L | 180.5 (80.8–310.8) | 181.0 (81.0–304.0) | 169.0 (72.5–313.5) | 222.0 (40.0–484.0) | 0.85 |
| -Lesion characteristics | |||||
| LMT, n (%) | 8 (2.3) | 7 (2.5) | 1 (1.6) | 0 (0) | 0.80 |
| LAD, n (%) | 179 (50.6) | 151 (53.7) | 20 (32.3) | 8 (72.7) | 0.003 |
| LCx, n (%) | 26 (7.3) | 19 (6.8) | 7 (11.3) | 0 (0) | 0.30 |
| RCA, n (%) | 140 (39.5) | 104 (37.0) | 34 (54.8) | 2 (18.2) | 0.01 |
| RCA & LCx, n (%) | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (9.1) | <0.001 |
| -Time to reperfusion | |||||
| Onset to reperfusion time, hour | 3.6 (2.3–7.0) | 3.5 (2.2–6.4) | 4.5 (2.6–9.6) | 5.7 (3.0–15.2) | 0.052 |
| Door to balloon time, minutes | 79.0 (61.0–111.0) | 76.0 (60.0–110.8) | 85.5 (67.3–110.3) | 120.0 (82.0–163.0) | 0.078 |
| -Contrast and fluoroscopy | |||||
| Contrast volume, mL | 135.2 ± 54.2 | 139.8 ± 52.7 | 115.6 ± 51.6 | 127.5 ± 81.2 | 0.006 |
| Fluoroscopy time, minutes | 22.8 (15.6–31.4) | 22.9 (15.3–31.8) | 22.7 (17.7–29.8) | 27.0 (14.2–35.9) | 0.93 |
| Exposure dose, mGy | 1342.0 (915.0–1937.0) | 1375.0 (971.0–2014.0) | 1041.0 (680.8–1668.5) | 1278.0 (1050.0–1917.0) | 0.014 |
| -In hospital clinical outcome | |||||
| All death, n (%) | 20 (5.6) | 14 (5.0) | 4 (6.5) | 2 (18.2) | 0.17 |
| Cardiac death, n (%) | 18 (5.1) | 12 (4.3) | 4 (6.5) | 2 (18.2) | 0.10 |
| CABG, n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – |
| Stent thrombosis, n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – |
| -Clinical outcome | |||||
| All death, n (%) | 39 (11.0) | 21 (7.5) | 13 (21.0) | 5 (45.5) | <0.001 |
| Cardiac death, n (%) | 26 (7.3) | 17 (6.0) | 6 (9.7) | 3 (27.3) | 0.022 |
| Non cardiac death, n (%) | 13 (3.7) | 4 (1.4) | 7 (11.3) | 2 (18.3) | <0.001 |
| CABG, n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – |
| Stent thrombosis, n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – |
Values are numbers (%) or mean ± SD. CFS, clinical frailty scale; MI, myocardial infarction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CKD, chronic kidney disease; LDL, Low-density lipoprotein; HDL, High-density lipoprotein; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate CK, creatine kinase; CKMB, creatine kinase MB; LMT, left main trunk; LAD, left anterior descending artery; LCx, left circumflex artery; RCA, right coronary artery.