Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of all patients and according to time from symptom onset to reperfusion.
| Symptom onset to reperfusion 0–180 min (n=192) | Symptom onset to reperfusion 180–360 min (n=876) | Symptom onset to reperfusion >360 min (n=393) | p | All patients with available TTR (n = 1461) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical items | |||||
| Age (years) | 73 (IQR 63–82) | 74 (IQR 60–81) | 74 (IQR 62–82) | 0.871 | 73 (IQR 61–82) |
| Transfer from another hospital | 17 (8.9%) | 283 (32.3%) | 175 (44.5%) | <0.001 | 475 (32.5%) |
| Sex (female) | 101 (52.6%) | 444 (50.7%) | 192 (48.9%) | 0.679 | 737 (50.4%) |
| NIHSS on admission | 17 (IQR 12–20) | 16 (IQR 11–20) | 16 (IQR 10–20) | 0.135 | 16 (IQR 11–20) |
| Prestroke independence | 177 (92.2%) | 812 (93.2%) | 361 (92.3%) | 0.789 | 1350 (92.8%) |
| Blood pressure systolic (mmHg) | 148 (SD 29) | 151 (SD 29) | 152 (SD 28) | 0.309 | 150 (SD 28) |
| Blood pressure diastolic (mmHg) | 81 (SD 21) | 82 (SD 18) | 82 (SD 24) | 0.664 | 80 (SD 20) |
| Admission glucose (mmol/L) | 6.4 (IQR 5.7–7.7) | 6.9 (IQR 5.8–8.1) | 6.8 (IQR 5.8–8.3) | 0.156 | 6.6 (IQR 5.8–8.1) |
| Quality of symptom onset | <0.001 | ||||
| − Noticed | 186 (96.9%) | 801 (91.4%) | 266 (67.7%) | 1253 (85.8%) | |
| − Last seen well | 6 (3.1%) | 73 (8.3%) | 124 (31.6%) | 203 (13.9%) | |
| Wake-up stroke | 4 (2.1%) | 27 (3.1%) | 82 (20.9%) | <0.001 | 113 (7.7%) |
| In-hospital stroke | 15 (7.8%) | 14 (1.6%) | 7 (1.8%) | <0.001 | 36 (2.5%) |
| Medication | |||||
| Antiplatelet | 0.558 | ||||
| − Monotherapy | 51 (27.1%) | 242 (29.8%) | 97 (27.1%) | 390 (28.7%) | |
| − Dual Therapy | 5 (2.7%) | 15 (1.8%) | 4 (1.1%) | 24 (1.8%) | |
| Statin | 60 (33.5%) | 237 (30.7%) | 90 (25.9%) | 0.137 | 387 (29.8%) |
| Anticoagulation | 0.247 | ||||
| − None | 157 (83.5%) | 670 (82.4%) | 308 (86.0%) | 1135 (83.5%) | |
| − VKA | 20 (10.6%) | 102 (12.5%) | 41 (11.5%) | 163 (12.0%) | |
| − NOAC | 11 (5.9%) | 41 (5.0%) | 9 (2.5%) | 61 (4.5%) | |
| Risk factors | |||||
| Diabetes | 33 (17.2%) | 151 (17.3%) | 69 (17.6%) | 0.990 | 253 (17.4%) |
| Arterial hypertension | 139 (72.4%) | 573 (65.9%) | 258 (65.8%) | 0.200 | 970 (66.7%) |
| Dyslipidaemia | 102 (53.1%) | 450 (21.8%) | 199 (51.0%) | 0.892 | 751 (51.8%) |
| Smoking | 51 (27.7%) | 255 (30.3%) | 99 (25.9%) | 0.278 | 405 (28.8%) |
| Previous stroke | 33 (17.2%) | 120 (13.7%) | 47 (12.1%) | 0.253 | 200 (13.8%) |
| Coronary artery disease | 31 (25.2%) | 140 (22.3%) | 61 (20.5%) | 0.572 | 232 (22.1%) |
| TOAST aetiology | 0.067 | ||||
| − Large artery | 19 (10.0%) | 110 (12.8%) | 59 (15.3%) | 188 (13.1%) | |
| − Cardiac embolism | 100 (52.6%) | 419 (48.6%) | 168 (43.6%) | 687 (47.8%) | |
| − Other specific | 19 (10.0%) | 50 (5.8%) | 31 (8.1%) | 100 (7.0%) | |
| − Unknown | 52 (27.4%) | 283 (32.8%) | 127 (33.0%) | 462 (32.2%) | |
| Imaging | |||||
| Imaging type | 0.016 | ||||
| − MRI | 58 (30.2%) | 289 (33.0%) | 158 (40.3%) | 505 (34.6%) | |
| − CT | 134 (69.8%) | 586 (67.0%) | 234 (59.7%) | 954 (65.4%) | |
| Hemisphere | 0.451 | ||||
| − Left | 100 (54.3%) | 418 (49.6%) | 177 (46.3%) | 695 (49.4%) | |
| − Right | 82 (44.6%) | 410 (48.7%) | 197 (51.6%) | 689 (48.9%) | |
| − Midline/bilateral | 2 (1.1%) | 14 (1.7%) | 8 (2.1%) | 24 (1.7%) | |
| Occlusion site | 0.259 | ||||
| − iICA | 3 (1.6%) | 31 (3.5%) | 18 (4.6%) | 52 (3.6%) | |
| − Carotid-T/L | 49 (25.5%) | 195 (22.3%) | 95 (24.2%) | 339 (23.2%) | |
| − M1 | 109 (56.8%) | 535 (61.1%) | 229 (58.3%) | 873 (59.8%) | |
| − M2 | 28 (14.6%) | 110 (12.6%) | 51 (13.0%) | 189 (12.9%) | |
| Collaterals | 0.432 | ||||
| − 0 | 9 (20.5%) | 49 (17.8%) | 25 (20.2%) | 83 (18.7%) | |
| − 1 | 17 (38.6%) | 109 (39.6%) | 37 (39.8%) | 163 (36.8%) | |
| − 2 | 18 (40.9%) | 117 (42.5%) | 62 (50.0%) | 197 (44.5%) | |
| Tandem occlusion | 22 (11.5%) | 123 (14.1%) | 79 (20.1%) | 0.006 | 224 (15.3%) |
| Dissection | 3 (1.6%) | 35 (4.0%) | 21 (5.4%) | 0.091 | 59 (4.0%) |
| ASPECTS | 9 (IQR 7–10) | 8 (IQR 7–10) | 8 (IQR 7–9) | <0.001 | 8 (IQR 7–9) |
| Treatment | |||||
| IVT use | 92 (47.9%) | 522 (59.6%) | 130 (33.1%) | <0.001 | 744 (50.9%) |
| Time from onset of symptoms to IVT needle (min) | 85 (IQR 57–103) | 130 (IQR 90–170) | 180 (IQR 126–225) | <0.001 | 120 (IQR 83–170) |
| Time from onset of symptoms to admission (min) | 53 (IQR 39–69) | 110 (IQR 70–173) | 315 (IQR 240–477) | <0.001 | 133 (IQR 69–230) |
TTR: time from symptom onset to reperfusion ASPECTS, Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score; CT, computed tomography; iICA, intracranial internal carotid artery; IVT, intravenous thrombolysis; M1, first segment of middle cerebral artery; M2, second segment of middle cerebral artery; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; NIHSS, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale; NOAC, non-vitamin-K antagonist oral anticoagulant; TOAST, Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment; VKA, vitamin K antagonist.