Table 1.
Skeletal muscle fibre‐type distribution and inducible nitric oxide synthase isoform level in normal, HF‐CON (n = 7), and HF + ELAM (n = 7) dogs
| Normal | HF‐CON | HF + ELAM | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Type 1 skeletal muscle fibres (%) | 32 ± 5 | 23 ± 4* | 31 ± 7** |
| Type 2 skeletal muscle fibres (%) | 68 ± 5 | 77 ± 4* | 69 ± 7** |
| Skeletal muscle type 1/type 2 ratio | 0.47 ± 0.04 | 0.30 ± 0.07* | 0.45 ± 0.13** |
| Average CSA type 1 fibres (μm2) | 2996 ± 176 | 2057 ± 415 | 3058 ± 354 |
| Average CSA type 2 fibres (μm2) | 3445 ± 240 | 3560 ± 378 | 3495 ± 258 |
| CSA type 1/CSA type 2 ratio | 0.88 ± 0.03 | 0.86 ± 0.05 | 0.87 ± 0.04 |
| β‐Actin (du) | 2.22 ± 0.11 | 2.36 ± 0.20 | 2.37 ± 0.10 |
| iNOS/β‐actin | 0.71 ± 0.08 | 2.01 ± 0.21* | 1.16 ± 0.08* , ** |
| Porin (du) | 0.62 ± 0.13 | 0.66 ± 0.05 | 0.64 ± 0.07 |
| Cytochrome c/porin | 2.17 ± 0.86 | 0.49 ± 0.06* | 1.20 ± 0.22* , ** |
| HtrA2/porin | 2.14 ± 0.49 | 0.34 ± 0.06* | 1.28 ± 0.15* , ** |
CSA, cross‐sectional area; HF‐CON, untreated heart failure control; HF + ELAM, elamipretide‐treated heart failure; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase.
*
P < 0.05 vs. normal.
**
P < 0.05 vs. HF‐CON.