Table 2.
Comparison of metabolic syndrome parameters, serum markers, and physical performance by dichotomized activin A serum levels
| Activin A level ≤ 325 pg/mLa | Activin A level > 325 pg/mLa | P‐value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | 97 (41.1) | 139 (58.9) | |
| Age (years) | 42.6 ± 11.2 | 52.3 ± 11.8 | <0.001 |
| Male [n (%)] | 36 (37.1) | 59 (42.4) | 0.413 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 37.6 ± 5.7 | 41.3 ± 8.8 | <0.001 |
| Hip circumference (cm) | 126 ± 14 | 133 ± 19 | 0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 112 ± 17 | 122 ± 20 | 0.001 |
| WHR | 0.90 ± 0.11 | 0.93 ± 0.09 | 0.026 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 136 ± 16 | 142 ± 18 | 0.007 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 86 ± 11 | 89 ± 12 | 0.072 |
| HR (beats/min) | 73 ± 13 | 72 ± 13 | 0.855 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 94 ± 31 | 104 ± 29 | 0.017 |
| Fasting insulin (U/mL) | 18 ± 12 | 26 ± 22 | <0.001 |
| HOMA‐IR | 4.3 ± 3.8 | 7.3 ± 9.0 | 0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 133 ± 68 | 152 ± 88 | 0.057 |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 49 ± 15 | 47 ± 13 | 0.391 |
| NT‐proBNP (ng/L) | 58 ± 61 | 105 ± 292 | 0.192 |
| Adiponectin (μg/mL) | 8.7 ± 3.2 | 9.1 ± 4.4 | 0.425 |
| MMP‐9 (ng/mL) | 562 ± 261 | 677 ± 348 | 0.005 |
Abbreviations as in Table 1. Values represent the mean ± standard deviation or numbers (percentages).
a
The activin A cut‐off limit of 325 pg/mL corresponds to the upper limit value of the 95% confidence interval of the healthy non‐obese control group.