Table 4.

Activin A serum levels compared in normal and pathologic diastolic function parameters

	Activin A level (pg/mL) when diastolic function parameter is normal according to prespecified criteria	Activin A level (pg/mL) when diastolic function parameter is pathologic according to prespecified criteria	P‐value
LVDD	355 ± 125	389 ± 117	0.037
Low e′	353 ± 125	392 ± 117	0.010
High E/e′	356 ± 127	394 ± 108	0.005
Impaired E/A + DT	357 ± 123	4265 ± 112	0.007
Low e′/a′	355 ± 125	397 ± 113	0.009
Increased LA size	352 ± 125	382 ± 117	0.024
Increased LVM	352 ± 116	381 ± 125	0.060

Abbreviations as in Table 3; LA, left atrial; LVDD, left ventricular diastolic dysfunction; LVDD as defined in the methods section according to the American Society of Echocardiography 2009 and European Society of Cardiology 2007 consensus criteria19, 20; e′ was pathologic < 10 cm/s; E/e′ was pathologic ≥ 8; E/A ≤ 0.8 + DT > 200 was pathologic; e′/a′ was pathologic ≤ 0.8; LA size (= left atrial size) was pathologic with LAA (4 chamber planimetry) > 20 cm² or LA diameter (parasternal long axis) > 48 mm; LVM was pathologic > 149 g/m² in men and >122 g/m² in women.

Values represent the mean ± standard deviation.