FIG 4.

Changes in serum cytokine levels after the intranasal administration of SAL200 in a murine model of S. aureus pneumonia. BALB/c mice were infected intranasally with the LAC strain and then treated intranasally with SAL200 or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution at 2 h postinfection. The levels of interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were determined at 2, 4, 6, and 10 h after the LAC challenge. At each time point, no significant difference in cytokine levels was noted between the SAL200 and PBS control group using the Mann-Whitney U test. Each column represents the mean + SEM of three separate experiments with two replicates (n = 6). Arrows indicate the time of treatment onset.