Table 2.
Characteristics of the study population by the Palliative Performance Scale Version 2 (PPSv2) at admission
| Characteristics | Total | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | P‐value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of participants (%) | 1114 (100) | 82 (7) | 79 (7) | 288 (26) | 403 (36) | 243 (22) | 19 (2) | |
| Female sex | 630 (57) | 40 (49) | 44 (56) | 190 (66) | 224 (56) | 126 (52) | 6 (32) | 0.001 |
| Age (years) | ||||||||
| 18 to 64 | 48 (4) | 5 (6) | 5 (6) | 4 (1) | 15 (3.7) | 17 (7) | 2 (11) | <0.001 |
| 65 to 74 | 107 (10) | 17 (21) | 6 (8) | 22 (8) | 30 (7) | 27 (11) | 5 (26) | |
| 75 to 84 | 248 (22) | 23 (28) | 21 (27) | 53 (18) | 88 (22) | 57 (24) | 6 (32) | |
| 85+ | 711 (64) | 37 (45) | 47 (60) | 209 (73) | 270 (67) | 142 (58) | 6 (32) | |
| Race/Ethnicity | 0.162 | |||||||
| Hispanic | 250 (22) | 20 (24) | 17 (22) | 55 (19) | 96 (24) | 57 (24) | 5 (26) | |
| Non‐Hispanic Black | 198 (18) | 11 (13) | 13 (17) | 44 (15) | 68 (17) | 56 (23) | 6 (32) | |
| Non‐Hispanic White | 581 (52) | 45 (55) | 45 (57) | 160 (56) | 211 (52) | 115 (47) | 5 (26) | |
| Other | 85 (8) | 6 (7) | 4 (5) | 29 (10) | 28 (7) | 15 (6) | 3 (16) | |
| Marital status | 0.176 | |||||||
| Not married | 756 (68) | 48 (59) | 50 (63) | 210 (73) | 269 (67) | 166 (68) | 13 (68) | |
| Married | 358 (32) | 34 (41) | 29 (37) | 78 (27) | 134 (33) | 77 (32) | 6 (32) | |
| Primary caregiver (none) | 181 (16) | 10 (12) | 19 (24) | 52 (18) | 55 (14) | 42 (17) | 3 (16) | 0.188 |
| Advanced directives (none) | 196 (18) | 23 (28) | 28 (35) | 49 (17) | 64 (16) | 26 (11) | 6 (32) | <0.001 |
| Payer source | 0.356 | |||||||
| Commercial/other | 44 (4) | 5 (6) | 4 (5) | 4 (1) | 19 (5) | 10 (4) | 1 (5) | |
| Managed Medicaid | 16 (1) | 2 (2) | 1 (1) | 2 (1) | 4 (1) | 6 (2) | 1 (5) | |
| Managed Medicare | 327 (29) | 27 (33) | 21 (27) | 91 (32) | 114 (28) | 71 (29) | 4 (21) | |
| Medicaid | 21 (2) | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | 2 (1) | 12 (3) | 4 (2) | 1 (5) | |
| Medicare | 706 (63) | 47 (57) | 52 (66) | 189 (66) | 254 (63) | 152 (63) | 12 (63) | |
| Charlson Comorbidity Score, mean (SD) | 2.82 (1) | 2.63 (1) | 2.82 (1) | 2.90 (1) | 2.83 (1) | 2.83 (1) | 2.32 (1) | 0.198 |
| Co‐morbidities, mean % | ||||||||
| Renal failure | 278 (25) | 16 (20) | 27 (34) | 60 (21) | 103 (26) | 68 (28) | 4 (21) | 0.1 |
| Type II diabetes | 227 (20) | 12 (15) | 11 (14) | 52 (18) | 97 (24) | 50 (21) | 5 (26) | 0.119 |
| Pulmonary disease | 209 (19) | 4 (5) | 12 (15) | 54 (19) | 80 (20) | 55 (23) | 4 (21) | 0.022 |
| Dementia | 179 (16) | 10 (12) | 15 (19) | 62 (22) | 59 (15) | 33 (14) | 0 (0) | 0.02 |
| Stroke | 106 (10) | 12 (15) | 9 (11) | 29 (10) | 36 (9) | 18 (7) | 2 (11) | 0.445 |
| Referral source | <0.001 | |||||||
| Hospital | 597 (54) | 70 (85) | 59 (75) | 150 (52) | 190 (47) | 116 (48) | 12 (63) | |
| Other setting | 517 (46) | 12 (15) | 20 (25) | 138 (48) | 213 (53) | 127 (52) | 7 (37) | |
| Discharge reason | <0.001 | |||||||
| Acute hospitalization | 153 (14) | 1 (1) | 2 (3) | 23 (8) | 69 (17) | 53 (22) | 5 (26) | |
| Disqualification | 50 (4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 9 (3) | 23 (6) | 16 (7) | 2 (11) | |
| Revocation | 65 (6) | 2 (2) | 3 (4) | 9 (3) | 26 (6) | 22 (9) | 3 (16) | |
| Transfer | 41 (4) | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | 6 (2) | 18 (4) | 14 (6) | 2 (11) | |
| Death | 805 (72) | 79 (96) | 73 (92) | 241 (84) | 267 (66) | 138 (57) | 7 (37) |