Table 3.

Cox proportional‐hazards model predicting hazard of mortality among hospice patients with heart failure (N = 1114)

Variable	Unadjusted HR (95% CI)	P‐value	Adjusted HR (95% CI)	P‐value
PPSv2 10%	16.48 (7.59–35.80)	<0.001	18.57 (8.47–40.72)	<0.001
PPSv2 20%	11.05 (5.08–24.07)	<0.001	10.20 (4.61–22.57)	<0.001
PPSv2 30%	3.89 (1.84–8.26)	<0.001	4.18 (1.94–9.01)	<0.001
PPSv2 40%	2.51 (1.19–5.32)	0.02	2.65 (1.24–5.69)	0.01
PPSv2 50%	1.77 (0.83–3.78)	0.14	1.90 (0.88–4.10)	0.10
PPSv2 60%	1 [Reference]		1 [Reference]
Age	1.00 (1.00–1.00)	0.58	1.00 (0.98–1.00)	0.01
Gender
Female	1.03 (0.90–1.19)	0.66	1.16 (1.00–1.37)	0.07
Race/Ethnicity
African American	0.60 (0.50–0.74)	<0.001	0.53 (0.43–0.66)	<0.001
Hispanic	0.72 (0.60–0.87)	<0.001	0.60 (0.49–0.73)	<0.001
Other	0.79 (0.61–1.04)	0.08	0.72 (0.55–0.95)	0.02
Marital status
Married	1 [Reference]		1 [Reference]
Not married	0.86 (0.74–1.00)	0.04	0.82 (0.70–0.98)	0.03
Primary caregiver
Yes	1 [Reference]		1 [Reference]
No	1.20 (0.99–1.46)	0.07	1.41 (1.16–1.72)	<0.001
Advance directive
No	1 [Reference]		1 [Reference]
Yes	2.18 (1.81–2.62)	<0.001	2.07 (1.70–2.52)	<0.001
Referral source
Hospital	1 [Reference]		1 [Reference]
Other setting	0.80 (0.69–0.91)	0.001	0.84 (0.72–0.98)	0.02
Payer source
Medicare	1 [Reference]		1 [Reference]
Commercial/other	0.869 (0.59–1.28)	0.48	0.829 (0.55–1.25)	0.37
Managed Medicaid	0.633 (0.30–1.34)	0.23	0.613 (0.28–1.30)	0.22
Managed Medicare	0.968 (0.83–1.13)	0.68	1.059 (0.90–1.25)	0.50
Medicaid	0.596 (0.33–1.08)	0.09	0.384 (0.21–0.72)	0.002
Charlson Comorbidity Score	0.925 (0.87–0.99)	0.02	0.937 (0.88–0.10)	0.05

CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; PPSv2, Palliative Performance Scale Version 2.