TABLE 2.

Predictive performance of various methods in the primary and validation cohorts

	AUC (95% CI)	Accuracy % (95% CI)	Sensitivity % (95% CI)	Specificity % (95% CI)
Clinical model
Primary	0.66 (0.62–0.70)	61.60 (57.90–65.15)	64.39 (59.75–68.90)	56.75 (50.65–62.68)
Validation	0.61 (0.58–0.64)	61.83 (58.88–64.88)	56.30 (52.41–60.41)	67.21 (63.20–71.20)
Semantic model
Primary	0.76 (0.72–0.80)	64.77 (61.31–68.22)	71.49 (67.86–75.09)	61.22 (57.45–65.12)
Validation	0.64 (0.61–0.67)	62.24 (59.94–64.72)	63.03 (59.61–66.60)	61.48 (58.22–64.92)
Radiomics model
Primary	0.70 (0.66–0.74)	66.27 (62.96–69.83)	85.05 (81.81–88.46)	40.98 (35.82–46.34)
Validation	0.64 (0.61–0.67)	61.47 (58.69–64.69)	64.04 (60.34–68.34)	58.97 (55.10–63.10)
DL model
Primary	0.85 (0.83–0.88)	77.02 (74.02–79.97)	76.83 (73.17–80.49)	79.03 (74.26–83.61)
Validation	0.81 (0.79–0.83)	73.86 (71.82–75.82)	72.27 (69.27–75.27)	75.41 (72.32–78.32)

Data are presented as % (95% CI). All the results in the primary cohort were evaluated by five-fold cross-validation. Bold type represents the best performance. AUC: area under the receiver operating characteristic curve.