Table 3.

Univariable association between household chicken farm demographic and farm management factors with the binary ELISA results of antibody of Newcastle disease at the household level in Chittagong, Bangladesh June–July 2017. (1=Yes; 0 = No) (N = 129 farms).

Variable	Category	ELISA n/N (%)	p-value (Chi-square test)
Farm size	min-4	16/33 (48.5)	0.058
	5–8	10/39 (25.6)
	9–20	15/57 (26.3)	< 0.001
Sub-district	Anowara	14/83 (16.9)
	Rangunia	27/46 (58.7)
Having ducks	Yes	34/114 (29.8)	0.18
	No	7/15 (46.7)
Chickens over 5 months of age	0	6/14 (42.9)	0.63
	Only one	12/38 (31.6)
	≥2	23/77 (29.9)
Poultry house cleaning frequency	Once daily	17/32 (53.1)	0.02
	Once or twice weekly	20/80 (25.0)
	Once per three or four weeks	4/14 (28.6)
Feeder cleaning frequency	Every time after use	36/109 (33.0)	0.6
	Once in a day	3/15 (20.0)
	Once in a week	2/5 (40.0)
Waterer cleaning frequency	Every time after use	9/28 (32.1)	0.8
	Once in a day	2/10 (20.0)
	Once per three or four weeks	1/3 (33.3)
Dead bird disposal	Bury and throw in pit	17/36 (47.2)	0.09
	Feed to other animals	1/3 (33.3)
	Throw in pond/lake/canal or sea	18/76 (23.7)
	Throw in bushes/road side	4/13 (30.8)
Litter disposed	Spread on fields/throw in bushes	15/42 (35.7)	0.05
	Compost/ bury/throw in pit/left in yard	18/43 (41.9)
	Throw in pond/lake/ canal/sea	8/44 (18.2)
Litter removed	Once in a day	12/30 (40.0)	0.3
	Once in a week	18/53 (33.9)
	Twice or more in a week	11/46 (23.9)
Feed rice bran	Yes	16/62 (25.8)	0.16
	No	25/67 (37.3)
Feed whole rice	Yes	29/84 (34.5)	0.4
Feed cooked rice	No	12/45 (26.7)	0.4
	Yes	15/54 (27.8)
	No	26/75 (34.7)