Table 1.

Description of the participatory design processes and the involved participants.

Project phase	Participants (n = 54)	Design activities
Planning phase	Researchers	Online recruitment Purposive sampling for maximum variation Inclusion criteria based on innovation potential Client journey context chosen
Phase 1: First round of focus groups	4 groups of PHIs (n = 24) 2 groups of SOs (n = 10) 2 groups of AUDs (n = 8)	Specify user requirements in the client journey: Barriers in experienced client journey and visions Pack a future client journey suitcase of insights
Phase 2: Second round of focus groups	4 groups of PHIs (n = 23)	Produce design solutions: Sketch ideas from visions Transform ideas to app like paper wireframes Include action and sharing information Prioritize app functionalities
Phase 3: Third round of focus groups	4 groups of PHIs (n = 17)	Produce design solutions: More mature digital solutions Mock-up app with appetizers User interaction and alterations
After phase	Researchers	Evaluate the mock-up app to meet user requirements

Note. PHIs = persons with hearing impairment; SOs = significant others; AUD = audiologists.