Table 1 |.
The global distribution and burden of ten of the world’s most important vector-borne human diseases
| Human disease | Causative organism | Vector | Distribution | At risk (millions)a | Prevalence (millions)a | Deaths (thousands)a | DALYs192 (thousands) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Malaria | Protozoan: Plasmodium | Mosquito: Anopheles | Tropical and subtropical regions (91% malaria-ascribed deaths occur in sub-Saharan Africa (2016)) | 2016: 3,025.03 | Unknown asymptomatic reservoir | 2016: 445.03 | 46,486 |
| Lymphatic filariasis | Nematodes: Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, Brugia timori | Mosquito: Culex, Aedes, Anopheles (in Africa), Mansonia | Tropical and subtropical regions of SE Asia, Africa W Pacific, parts of Central and S America | 2016: 856.4193 | 2015: 120.000194 (38.4 disfigured195) | N.R. | 5,777 |
| Sleeping sickness (human African trypanosomiasis) | Protozoan: Trypanosoma brucei | Tsetse fly: Glossina | Regions of subtropical and tropical Africa | 2010–2014: 61.018 | 2015: 0.011195 | 2015: 3.5196 | 1,525 |
| Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis) | Protozoan: Trypanosoma cruzi | Reduviid bug: Rhodnius, Triatoma | Regions of the Americas | 25.0197 | 2015: 6.653195 | 2015: 8.0196 | 667 |
| Leishmaniasis | Protozoan: Leishmania | Sand fly: Phlebotomus, Lutzomyia | 87 countries in intertropical and temperate regions; E Africa, Mediterranean, S America, Middle East, S Asia | 1990: 350.0198 | 2015: 3.859195 | 2015: 24.2196 | 2,090 |
| River blindness (Onchocerciasis) | Nematode: Onchocerca volvulus | Black fly: Similium | 99% tropical and subtropical Africa; also Yemen, Brazil and Venezuela | 123.0199 | 2015: 15.500195 | N.R. | 484 |
| Dengue | Flavivirus: DENV | Mosquito: Aedes | 128 countries in tropical and subtropical regions around the globe | 2012: 3,970.0200 | 2015: 79.600195 | 2015: 18.4196 | 616 |
| Yellow fever | Flavivirus: YFV | Mosquito: Aedes, Haemogogus | Tropical and subtropical Africa and regions of S America (44 countries) | 2017: 912.5201 | 2015: 0.003195 | 2015: 5.1196 | N.R. |
| Zika | Flavivirus: ZIKV | Mosquito: Aedes | Tropical and subtropical regions around the globe (96 countries)202 | 2016: 2,170.0203 | 2013–2014: ~0.02910 (French Polynesia) 2015–2016: unknown (Brazil) | 2013–2014: 0.010 (French Polynesia) 2015–2016: unknown (Brazil) | N.R. |
| Chikungunya | Togavirus: CHIKV | Mosquito: Aedes | Tropical, subtropical and temperate regions around the globe (94 countries)204 | 2016: 1,300.0204 | 2013–Apr 2015: ~1.400205 (suspected, Americas) | 2013–Apr 2015: 191.0205 (Americas) | N.R. |
Data were collated from cited references and the World Health Organization and Centers for Disease Control websites. DALYs, disability-adjusted life years; N.R., not reported
a
estimated