Table 2.
Population characteristics stratified by any antihypertensive use after cohort entry through end of follow-up
| All (n = 2039) | No antihypertensive use (n = 614) | Any antihypertensive use (n = 1425) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | (%) | n | (%) | n | (%) | |
| Year of colon cancer diagnosis | ||||||
| 1995–1999 | 410 | (20.1) | 105 | (17.1) | 305 | (21.4) |
| 2000–2004 | 569 | (27.9) | 157 | (25.6) | 412 | (28.9) |
| 2005–2009 | 579 | (28.4) | 171 | (27.9) | 408 | (28.6) |
| 2010–2014 | 481 | (23.6) | 181 | (29.5) | 300 | (21.1) |
| Age at diagnosis (years) | ||||||
| mean (SD) | 69.9 | (11.6) | 65.8 | (12.7) | 71.6 | (10.6) |
| < 50 | 94 | (4.6) | 59 | (9.6) | 35 | (2.5) |
| 50–59 | 294 | (14.4) | 136 | (22.1) | 158 | (11.1) |
| 60–69 | 530 | (26.0) | 165 | (26.9) | 365 | (25.6) |
| 70–79 | 677 | (33.2) | 162 | (26.4) | 515 | (36.1) |
| 80+ | 444 | (21.8) | 92 | (15.0) | 352 | (24.7) |
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | 1066 | (52.3) | 323 | (52.6) | 743 | (52.1) |
| Male | 973 | (47.7) | 291 | (47.4) | 682 | (47.9) |
| Hispanic ethnicity | ||||||
| Not Hispanic | 1742 | (85.4) | 513 | (83.6) | 1229 | (86.2) |
| Hispanic | 93 | (4.6) | 29 | (4.7) | 64 | (4.5) |
| Unknowna | 204 | (10.0) | 72 | (11.7) | 132 | (9.3) |
| Race | ||||||
| White | 1582 | (77.6) | 467 | (76.1) | 1115 | (78.2) |
| Black | 70 | (3.4) | 15 | (2.4) | 55 | (3.9) |
| Asian | 66 | (3.2) | 23 | (3.7) | 43 | (3.0) |
| American Indian/Alaska Native | 9 | (0.4) | 1 | (0.2) | 8 | (0.6) |
| Hawaiian/Pacific Islander | 5 | (0.2) | 2 | (0.3) | 3 | (0.2) |
| Multiple race | 19 | (0.9) | 7 | (1.1) | 12 | (0.8) |
| Other/Unknown | 288 | (14.1) | 99 | (16.1) | 189 | (13.3) |
| Smoking before diagnosis | ||||||
| Never | 916 | (45.2) | 307 | (50.4) | 609 | (42.9) |
| Ever | 1112 | (54.8) | 302 | (49.6) | 810 | (57.1) |
| Unknown | 11 | 5 | 6 | |||
| Charlson score at diagnosis | ||||||
| mean (SD) | 0.8 | (1.4) | 0.3 | (0.8) | 1.1 | (1.5) |
| 0 | 1085 | (53.2) | 453 | (73.8) | 632 | (44.4) |
| 1 | 429 | (21.0) | 87 | (14.1) | 342 | (24.0) |
| 2 | 184 | (9.0) | 19 | (3.1) | 165 | (11.6) |
| 3+ | 225 | (11.0) | 22 | (3.6) | 203 | (14.3) |
| Unknowna | 116 | (5.7) | 33 | (5.4) | 83 | (5.8) |
| BMI at diagnosis (kg/m2) | ||||||
| mean (SD) | 27.9 | (5.9) | 26.7 | (5.3) | 28.5 | (6.1) |
| Underweight (< 18.5) | 41 | (2.1) | 17 | (2.9) | 24 | (1.8) |
| Normal (18.5–24.9) | 610 | (31.4) | 223 | (38.4) | 387 | (28.4) |
| Overweight (25–29.9) | 702 | (36.2) | 212 | (36.6) | 490 | (36.0) |
| Obese (30–34.9) | 380 | (19.6) | 90 | (15.5) | 290 | (21.3) |
| Morbidly obese (35+) | 208 | (10.7) | 38 | (6.6) | 170 | (12.5) |
| Unknown | 98 | 34 | 64 | |||
| Diagnoses in the year before colon cancer | ||||||
| Diabetes | 400 | (19.6) | 36 | (5.9) | 364 | (25.5) |
| Hyperlipidemia/hypercholesterolemia | 655 | (32.1) | 128 | (20.8) | 527 | (37.0) |
| Hypertension | 1111 | (54.5) | 106 | (17.3) | 1005 | (70.5) |
| Stage at colon cancer diagnosis | ||||||
| I | 911 | (44.7) | 286 | (46.6) | 625 | (43.9) |
| IIA | 935 | (45.9) | 247 | (40.2) | 688 | (48.3) |
| IIB | 117 | (5.7) | 52 | (8.5) | 65 | (4.6) |
| IIIA | 76 | (3.7) | 29 | (4.7) | 47 | (3.3) |
| Grade | ||||||
| Grade I | 187 | (9.7) | 48 | (8.4) | 139 | (10.3) |
| Grade II | 1423 | (73.8) | 434 | (75.6) | 989 | (73.0) |
| Grade III | 294 | (15.2) | 84 | (14.6) | 210 | (15.5) |
| Grade IV | 24 | (1.2) | 8 | (1.4) | 16 | (1.2) |
| Unknown, not stated, or N/A | 111 | 40 | 71 | |||
| Cancer treatment received | ||||||
| Chemotherapy | 277 | (13.6) | 112 | (18.2) | 165 | (11.6) |
| Radiation | 30 | (1.5) | 11 | (1.8) | 19 | (1.3) |
| Medication use in the year before colon cancer diagnosisb | ||||||
| Any Statin | 542 | (26.6) | 56 | (9.1) | 486 | (34.1) |
| Aspirin | 685 | (34.1) | 120 | (19.9) | 565 | (40.2) |
| Any antihypertensive | 1078 | (52.9) | 51 | (8.3) | 1027 | (72.1) |
| ACE inhibitor | 524 | (25.7) | 15 | (2.4) | 509 | (35.7) |
| Angiotensin receptor blocker | 92 | (4.5) | 1 | (0.2) | 91 | (6.4) |
| Beta blocker | 528 | (25.9) | 16 | (2.6) | 512 | (35.9) |
| Calcium channel blocker | 287 | (14.1) | 10 | (1.6) | 277 | (19.4) |
| Diuretic | 479 | (23.5) | 20 | (3.3) | 459 | (32.2) |
| Type of antihypertensive after colon cancer diagnosisb | ||||||
| ACE inhibitor | 878 | (43.1) | 0 | (0) | 878 | (61.6) |
| Angiotensin receptor blocker | 226 | (11.1) | 0 | (0) | 226 | (15.9) |
| Beta blocker | 890 | (43.6) | 0 | (0) | 890 | (62.5) |
| Calcium channel blocker | 559 | (27.4) | 0 | (0) | 559 | (39.2) |
| Diuretic | 713 | (35.0) | 0 | (0) | 713 | (50.0) |
aUnknown categories for race and Charlson score are included in percent calculations because they are included in the multivariable models
bMedication categories not mutually exclusive because patients could have used more than one type of medication before diagnosis and during study follow-up