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SM suppresses the activation of MAPK signalling in the synovial tissues of CIA rats. (a) SM suppressed p-ERK, p-p38, and p-JNK activation in the synovium of CIA rats, as shown by Western blot. The expression of (b) p-ERK, (c) p-p38, and (d) p-JNK in the different groups was assessed by semiquantitative analysis. Values are the mean ± SEM (n = 3). #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01 compared with the control group. ∗P< 0.05, ∗∗P< 0.01 compared with the CIA group.
