Figure 5.

IONP-PEG activates the complement system and increases the anaphylatoxin concentration in human blood plasma.

Notes: Quantification of complement activation products by ELISA: levels of anaphylatoxin C3a (A), terminal complement complex, C5a (B), and terminal complement complex, C4a (C) in human plasma. Each bar represents the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. *Statistically significant difference vs control, *P<0.05 ANOVA post hoc Dunnett’s test. Representative immunoblot of C3 complement component adsorbed in protein corona of IONP (D).

Abbreviations: IONP, iron oxide nanoparticles; PEG, polyethyleneglycol; PVP, polyvinylpyrrolidone; SEM, standard error of the mean.