Table 1.
Participant Characteristics in the Overall Sample and Stratified by Race.
| African American (n =176) | White (n =165) | All (n =341) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| % African American | — | — | 51.6% |
| % Women | 48.3% | 52.1% | 50.1% |
| % Lower SES a | 61.4% | 63.6% | 62.5% |
| % < High school diploma or GED | 29.0% | 37.6% | 33.1% |
| % < 125% federal poverty level | 50.0% | 51.5% | 50.7% |
| Age | 47.57 (± 9.40) | 47.89 ( ± 8.41) | 47.72 (± 8.92) |
| Depressive symptoms | 13.52 (± 9.86) | 15.56 ( ± 11.54) | 14.51 (± 10.74) |
| Waist circumference (cm) *** | 95.48 (± 16.97) | 103.71 (± 18.39) | 99.46 (± 18.12) |
| Lifetime substance use burden b * | 1.64 (± 1.24) | 1.36 ( ±1.17) | 1.50 ( ± 1.21) |
| Everyday discrimination | 21.15 (± 7.88) | 19.73 ( ± 7.81) | 20.46 (± 7.86) |
| Gender discrimination *** | 0.96 (± 1.37) | 0.32 ( ±0.74) | 0.65 (1.16) |
| Racial discrimination *** | 1.78 (± 1.96) | 0.34 ( ±0.91) | 1.09 ( ± 1.70) |
| Sources of discrimination c *** | 17.84 (± 6.31) | 14.93 ( ± 4.60) | 16.43 (± 5.73) |
| Lifetime discrimination burden *** | 3.94 (± 1.90) | 2.93 ( ±1.54) | 3.45 ( ± 1.80) |
| Telomere length (kb) | 5.62 (± 0.75) | 5.69 ( ±0.69) | 5.66 ( ± 0.72) |
Note. Racial differences in all study variables were examined with independent samples t-tests and chi-square tests of independence.
*
p < .05
**
p < 0.01
***
p < .001.
a
Participants were considered to have lower SES if they reported having an educational attainment less than a high school diploma or GED and/or adjusted household incomes below 125% of the 2004 federal poverty level.
b
Number of substances (cigarettes, marijuana, cocaine/crack, or opiates) participants ever used.
c
Refers to frequency of discrimination across sources.