Table 2. Summary of the Properties of TOCNF/Lignin Filaments before Carbonization and Other Characteristics of the Respective CMFs.
| TOCNF | C/L20 | C/L43 | C/L60 | C/L70 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| diameter, μm | 103 ± 8.5 | 99 ± 7.6 | 112 ± 8.65 | 134 ± 11.5 | 193 ± 21.4 |
| density,g cm–3 | 1.65 ± 0.04 | 1.71 ± 0.08 | 1.6 ± 0.04 | 1.5 ± 0.04 | 1.34 ± 0.05 |
| Herman parameter | 0.53 | 0.56 | 0.63 | 0.51 | 0.31 |
| orientation index | 0.73 | 0.74 | 0.78 | 0.7 | 0.53 |
| tensile stress, MPa | 336 ± 31 | 252 ± 10 | 221 ± 8 | 187 ± 25 | 88 ± 19 |
| Young’s modulus, GPa | 13.7 ± 1.5 | 10.2 ± 1.3 | 8.5 ± 1.2 | 5.5 ± 0.9 | 5.2 ± 1 |
| % strain at break | 4.0 ± 0.8 | 3.57 ± 1.2 | 2.6 ± 0.5 | 2.6 ± 1 | 3.0 ± 1.7 |
| Td, °C | 242 | 253 | 253 | 257 | 261 |
| TOCNFc | C/L20c | C/L43c | C/L60c | C/L70c | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mass yield upon carbonization, % | 23 ± 1 | 26.8 ± 2.2 | 31.5 ± 1.5 | 34.7 ± 1.8 | 41.3 ± 0.8 |
| conductivity, S cm–1 | 39.3 ± 3.7 | 71.7 ± 13 | 80 ± 19 | 103 ± 19 | 95 ± 9 |