Table 3.

Results of multilevel models predicting mothers’ healthy and unhealthy eating parenting practices as a function of total maternal stress at previous ecological momentary assessment (EMA) prompt aggregated across waves 1 and 2

	Healthy eating parenting practices			Unhealthy eating parenting practices
	N			N
Level-1 n (Prompts) Level-2 N (People)	1,695 193			540 151
	β (SE)	p		β (SE)	p
Intercept	3.61 (0.59)	<.001	Intercept	3.55 (0.95)	<.001
Wavea	−0.27 (0.21)	.193	Wavea	−0.60 (0.31)	.052
Morningb	0.43 (0.13)	.001	Afternoon grandparentc	0.59 (0.36)	.107
Number of children	0.34 (0.17)	.037	Mother underweightd	−0.06 (0.21)	.757
WS total maternal stress	0.11 (0.06)	.053	WS total maternal stress	0.01 (0.08)	.868
BS total maternal stress	−0.12 (0.13)	.365	BS total maternal stress	−0.24 (0.14)	.089

BS Between-subjects (centered on the group mean); WS Within-subjects (centered on the person mean). Parenting practices response scale ranges from 0 to 10.

The total maternal stress variable was calculated by taking the sum of the standardized values for feeling stressed, perceived, stress, and number of stressors.

^aAssessment wave in study (1 = wave 1 and 2 = wave 2).

^bTime of day of the EMA survey (reference group is morning).

^cChild spends majority of days of the week after school with grandparent (reference group is children without grandparent childcare).

^dMother has a body mass index (BMI) classified as underweight (reference group is overweight/obese).