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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Mar 28.
Published in final edited form as: J Clin Psychiatry. 2016 Jul;77(7):940–947. doi: 10.4088/JCP.14m09559

Table 2.

Lifetime Rates of Psychopathology in College Students who Misuse Stimulants and Controls

Controls (N=200) N (%) Misusers (N=100) N (%) Statistics
Major Depression 49 (25) 32 (32) Odds Ratio (OR): 1.5; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.9, 2.5; p=0.15
Bipolar Disorder 4 (2) 1 (1) OR: 0.5; 95% CI: 0.05, 4.6; p=0.54
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) 31 (16) 27 (27) OR: 2; 95% CI: 1.11, 3.71; p=0.02
Psychosis 5 (3) 4 (4) OR: 1.5; 95% CI: 0.4, 6.0; p=0.53
Conduct Disorder 6 (3) 10 (10) OR: 3.8; 95% CI: 1.3, 11.3; p=0.02
Anxiety Disorders
Separation Anxiety Disorder 6 (3) 3 (3) OR: 0.9; 95% CI: 0.2, 3.8; p=0.90
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder 1 (0.5) 0 (0) Fisher’s exact test, p=0.10
Agoraphobia 7 (4) 6 (6) OR: 2.0; 95% CI: 0.6, 6.5; p=0.22
Simple Phobia 22 (11) 7 (7) OR: 0.6; 95% CI: 0.2, 1.5; p=0.27
Social Phobia 27 (14) 10 (10) OR: 0.7, 95% CI: 0.3, 1.6; p=0.42
Panic Disorder 6 (7) 7 (7) OR: 2.1; 95% CI: 0.7, 6.7; p=0.19
Generalized Anxiety Disorder 5 (3) 3 (3) OR: 1.0; 95% CI: 0.2, 4.5; p=0.97