Table I.

HPV in ophthalmic pterygium.

Author (Refs.)	Date of publication	HPV prevalence	HPV type	Country of the study	Method of detection	Sample size
McDonell et al (20)	1992	0%	-	USA	PCR	6
Varinli et al (21)	1994	64%	-	Turkey	IHC	25
Dushku et al (22)	1999	0%	-	USA	PCR	13
Detorakis et al (23)	2001	24%	18	Greece	PCR	50
Gallagher et al (24)	2001	50%	6, 11, 16	UK	PCR	10
Piras et al (25)	2003	100% 21%	Types 52, 54, candHPV90	Italy/Equador	PCR, sequencing	41
Chen et al (26)	2003	0%	-	Taiwan	PCR	65
Ateenyi-Agaba et al (27)	2004	50%	11, 37	Uganda	PCR, Southern blotting	10
Schellini et al (28)	2006	0%	-	Brazil	PCR	36
Kuo et al (29)	2006	0%	-	Taiwan	PCR	4
Sjö et al (13)	2007	4.4%	6	Denmark	PCR, ISH	90
Takamura et al (30)	2008	4.8%	-	Japan	PCR-HC II	42
Rodrigues et al (31)	2008	58.3%	1, 2, 16	Brazil	PCR	36
Otlu et al (32)	2009	0%	-	Turkey	Real-time PCR	40
Tsai et al (33)	2009	24%	16, 18	Taiwan	Nested PCR	129
Guthoff et al (34)	2009	0%	-	Germany	PCR, IHC
Piecyk-Sidor et al (35)	2009	27.6%	5, 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 52, 59	Poland	PCR	58
Hsiao et al (36)	2010	3%	18	Taiwan	PCR, ISH	65
Chong et al (37)	2014	64.4%	16, 18, 58, 59	Malaysia	Nested PCR	45
Hamed-Azzam et al (38)	2016	0%	-	Israel	IHC	100
Chalkia et al (39)	2018	42.86%	33, 39, 45, 56, 59, 66	Greece	Real-time PCR	21

HPV, human papillomavirus; IHC, immunohistochemistry; ISH, in situ hybridization; HC II, hybrid capture II.