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. 2019 Feb 27;54(5):1555–1566. doi: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4729

Figure 1.

Figure 1

CD31 as a marker of EC expression is an independent risk factor for patients with bladder cancer, and co-culture of ECs with bladder cancer cells enhances cancer cell proliferation and malignancy. (A) CD31 expression in normal bladder tissue and bladder carcinoma specimens. Images were taken from the Human Protein Atlas (http://www.proteinatlas.org) online database. (B) Kaplan-Meier analysis estimates CD31 protein expression in the Cancer Genome Atlas bladder cancer PRAD_exp_HiSeqV2 (n=345) dataset (http://firebrowse.org/), and indicated that CD31 expression is an independent risk factor for patients with bladder cancer (based on the mean number of CD31 protein expression, 0.023, samples are divided into two groups and the group >0.023 has the lower survival ratio; P<0.001). (C) Illustration of the co-culture system. (D and E) Colony formation assay determined the effect of co-culture on cell proliferation (magnification, ×100). (F and G) MTT assay determined T24/253J bladder cancer cell proliferation following co-culture. (H and I) Transwell migration assay revealed that co-culture promotes cancer cell migration and invasion (magnification, ×200). ***P<0.001 vs. control. CD, cluster of differentiation; EC, endothelial cell.