Table 1.
Univariate Analysis of Demographic, Anatomical, and Lifestyle Variables
| Variable type | Total men (N = 9,164) |
AMS <50 (n = 8,246) |
AMS ≥50 (n = 918) |
OR [95% CI] | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic | |||||
| Age (years) | |||||
| ≤40 | 2,135 (23.3%) | 2,093 (25.4%) | 42 (4.6%) | 1.0 | |
| >40 | 7,029 (76.7%) | 6,153 (74.6%) | 876 (95.4%) | 5.14 [3.72, 7.10] | <.001 |
| Ethnicity | |||||
| Han | 8,575 (93.6%) | 7,714 (93.5%) | 861 (93.8%) | 1.0 | |
| Others | 589 (6.4%) | 532 (6.5%) | 57 (6.2%) | 1.26 [0.92, 1.72] | .158 |
| Education level | |||||
| Primary | 1,127 (12.3%) | 926 (11.2%) | 201 (21.9%) | 1.0 | |
| Secondary | 4,724 (51.5%) | 4,185 (50.8%) | 539 (58.7%) | 0.57 [0.47, 0.69] | <.001 |
| Postsecondary | 3,313 (36.2%) | 3,135 (38.0%) | 178 (19.4%) | 0.30 [0.24, 0.37] | <.001 |
| Family income (¥/month) | |||||
| <4,000 | 5,674 (61.9%) | 4,983 (60.4%) | 691 (75.3%) | 1.0 | |
| 4,000–5,999 | 2,290 (25.0%) | 2,127 (25.8%) | 163 (17.8%) | 0.55 [0.45, 0.68] | <.001 |
| ≥6,000 | 1,200 (13.1%) | 1,136 (13.8%) | 64 (7.0%) | 0.46 [0.34, 0.62] | <.001 |
| Anatomical | |||||
| Body mass index | |||||
| <20 | 389 (4.2%) | 347 (4.2%) | 42 (4.6%) | 1.0 | |
| 20–25 | 5,559 (60.7%) | 4,985 (60.4%) | 574 (62.5%) | 0.80 [0.56, 1.15] | .229 |
| 25–30 | 2,936 (32.0%) | 2,659 (32.3%) | 277 (30.2%) | 0.72 [0.50, 1.05] | .090 |
| ≥30 | 280 (3.1%) | 255 (3.1%) | 25 (2.7%) | 0.79 [0.45, 1.37] | .393 |
| Waist–hip ratio | |||||
| <0.9 | 2,762 (30.1%) | 2,572 (31.2%) | 190 (20.7%) | 1.0 | |
| ≥0.9 | 6,402 (69.9%) | 5,674 (68.8%) | 728 (79.3%) | 1.33 [1.10, 1.62] | .004 |
| Lifestyle | |||||
| Tobacco smoking (cigarettes per day) | |||||
| Nonsmoker | 4,690 (51.2%) | 4,272 (51.8%) | 418 (45.5%) | 1.0 | |
| <25 | 3,629 (39.6%) | 3,306 (40.1%) | 323 (35.2%) | 1.18 [1.00, 1.40] | .054 |
| ≥25 | 845 (9.2%) | 668 (8.1%) | 177 (19.3%) | 2.95 [2.35, 3.69] | <.001 |
| Alcohol consumption | |||||
| No | 6,432 (70.2%) | 5,893 (71.5%) | 539 (58.7%) | 1.0 | |
| Yes | 2,732 (29.8%) | 2,353 (28.5%) | 379 (41.3%) | 1.74 [1.50, 2.04] | <.001 |
| Marital relations satisfaction | |||||
| Average | 5,624 (61.4%) | 5,212 (63.2%) | 412 (44.9%) | 1.0 | |
| Below average | 2,918 (31.8%) | 2,506 (30.4%) | 412 (44.9%) | 1.73 [1.47, 2.03] | <.001 |
| Poor | 99 (1.1%) | 71 (0.9%) | 28 (3.0%) | 4.89 [2.99, 8.00] | <.001 |
| Unmarried/widower | 523 (5.7%) | 457 (5.5%) | 66 (7.2%) | 1.92 [1.42, 2.58] | <.001 |
| Exercise routinely | |||||
| Yes | 4,062 (44.3%) | 3,780 (45.8%) | 282 (30.7%) | 1.0 | |
| No | 5,102 (55.7%) | 4,466 (54.2%) | 636 (69.3%) | 1.70 [1.44, 2.00] | <.001 |
Note. AMS = Aging Male Symptoms scale; OR = odds ratio.