Table 2. Summary of partnership between community pharmacies and community-based organizations by level of interprofessional practice.

Study	Population	Partnersa	Intervention	Findings	Limitations
Networking
Rosenf eld LA et al. 201122	Chain Pharmacy Customers in Palm Beach, Florida	Local health department Retail health clinics	Flu ready cards distributed, and influenza doses shipped to local pharmacies and retail health clinics to administer to members of the community	Over 200,000 flu cards distributed, from 250 pharmacies Opportunity to share information, educate, and increase patient access to influenza vaccines Pharmacists reported 90% of patients asked about flu shots and influenza prevention	Did not represent impact of flu ready cards Patient satisfaction not assessed Number of vaccines administered not assessed
Marlin RW et al. 201423	Adult, African American, sexually active, homosexual males in Los Angeles, California	– 3 local CBOs	HIV self-test kit vouchers ($1) distributed by CBO and redeemed at Walgreens’ Pharmacies	292 vouchers distributed, 53 were redeemed (18.2%) CBOs distributed more vouchers than people who solicited nearby communities High acceptability for in-home testing (44%) Vouchers reduced stigma of HIV testing	Evaluated the process, not clinical outcomes Pharmacies occasionally ran out of test kits, and awareness of the program among staff was inconsistent Data from those who did not receive vouchers was not collected Number of vouchers redeemed was less than the number of survey responses
Meyer son BE et al. 201624	African American men and women in Indianapolis, within the distributor’s social and professional network	African American HIV Action Team (AHIT): a coalition of 4 CBOs, Walgreens pharmacies, a school of public health	Distributors handed out HIV vouchers to people in their professional and social circles for redemption of a HIV test kit at one of three Walgreens Pharmacies	40.6% (n=315) of all vouchers were distributed 14.9% of vouchers were redeemed	Voucher distribution was non-systematic No follow up to see whether HIV kits were used, or results of tests
Coordination
Cadilh ac DA et al. 201525	Adults in Australia	Community health centers National Stroke Foundation Rotary clubs Workplaces Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA)	Free blood pressure assessment and education about blood pressure and strokes; generic referral sent to physician if blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg; assessment of retention of knowledge of risk factors and health conditions associated with high blood pressure	42.3% (n=50,648) had elevated blood pressure readings (≥140/90 mmHg) Significant improvements in hypertension-related knowledge Over 80% of community members referred to a physician did so within three months	Convenience sample Attracted participants who were existing patients at community pharmacy
Weidl e PJ et al. 201426	Patients from urban and rural pharmacies across the United States	Local health departments Retail clinics Nurse-run HIV testing services at an Indian Health Service Clinic	Point-of-care HIV testing at community pharmacies and retail clinics; provided confidential results and information on HIV; referred to physician or health department for confirmatory testing and HIV care, if needed	1,540 HIV tests administered, with 1.6% (n=24) yielded positive preliminary results Determined HIV testing in community pharmacies to be a feasible model for rapid HIV testing Demonstrated the willingness of ability of staff to provide confidential HIV testing Ability to serve unmet needs in urban and rural communities	May not be easily implemented in pharmacies with limited staff or space Did not assess stigma associated with HIV Not representative of maximal capacity to conduct screenings Cost of implementing HIV testing was not considered
Harris AC et al. 201127	Women 21 years and older, in Iowa City, Iowa	Pharmacy student health fairs Retirement communities	Bone mineral density screenings, education, and medical referrals if appropriate	322 women participated, and received screenings and information on the risks of osteoporosis 62 women (19.3%) were found to be at increased risk of fracture Increased public health awareness of bone health	Test was only able to provide preliminary results No follow up to see if patients followed through with recommendations or satisfaction with screening
Collaboration
Segura A et al. 200728	Patients living in a low economic neighborhood in Barcelona, Spain	Health center Medical specialty services	Patient care teams developed a program for monitoring diabetic and hypertensive patients in the local pharmacies	Increased patient satisfaction with the convenience of monitoring at local pharmacy Increased pharmacist satisfaction from having a more involved role has health providers	Did not quantify improvements made by pharmacists, medication errors found, or in the number of patients who found pharmacy-access helpful; looked at impact of patient care team as a whole

^aCommunity pharmacies were partners in all studies