Table 2. Developmental domain, age, specificity, sensitivity and LR+ of developmental milestones with an LR+ above 10a.
| Milestone | Develop-mental domainb | Scheduled assessment age in months | Assessment age in months (mean ± standard deviation) | Specificity (95% CIc) (%) | Sensitivity (95% CI) (%) | LR+ (95% CId) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Controls | Cases | |||||||
| 1. Plays with hands in midline | F | 6 | 6.6 ± 0.6 | 6.7 ± 0.6 | 99.6 (98.0–99.9) | 4.1 (1.7–9.2) | 11.6 (1.4–98.1) | |
| 2. Says "dada-baba" or "gaga"e | C | 9 | 9.7 ± 0.5 | 9.9 ± 0.5 | * | 99.6 (98.0–99.9) | 8.7 (4.9–15.0) | 24.5 (3.2–188.0) |
| 3. Balances head well while sitting | G | 9 | 9.7 ± 0.5 | 9.9 ± 0.5 | * | 100.0 (98.6–100.0) | 8.1 (4.4–14.2) | 46.9 (2.8–793.7)c |
| 4. Sits on buttocks while legs stretched | G | 9 | 9.7 ± 0.5 | 9.9 ± 0.5 | * | 98.2 (95.8–99.2) | 23.6 (16.9–31.8) | 12.8 (5.1–32.3) |
| At least one negative score on the above milestones at 9 months | C, G | 9 | 8.9 ± 0.5 | 9.1 (0.5) | * | 97.7 (95.1–99.0) | 28.3 (21.0–37.0) | 12.5 (5.4–29.0) |
| 5. Babbles while playinge | C | 12 | 12.7 ± 0.6 | 12.7 ± 0.6 | 100.0 (98.1–100.0) | 8.2 (4.0–16.0) | 34.5 (2.0–598.0)c | |
| 6. Sits in stable position, without support | G | 12 | 12.7 ± 0.6 | 12.7 ± 0.6 | 99.1 (96.9–99.8) | 17.6 (11.1–26.7) | 20.6 (4.8–87.7) | |
| At least one negative score on the above milestones at 12 months | C, G | 12 | 11.7 ± 0.5 | 11.7 ± 0.5 | 98.9 (96.2–99.7) | 27.4 (18.5–38.6) | 25.5 (6.1–106.3) | |
| 7. Walks well alone | G | 24 | 24.3 ± 1.0 | 24.7 ± 1.5 | * | 98.9 (96.8–99.6) | 21.0 (14.7–29.2) | 19.0 (5.9–61.9) |
| 8. Says "sentences" of 3 or more wordse | C | 36 | 36.4 ± 1.2 | 36.6 ± 1.8 | 98.6 (96.3–99.4) | 36.0 (27.3–45.8) | 24.9 (9.1–68.3) | |
| 9. Places 3 forms in form-box | F | 36 | 36.4 ± 1.2 | 36.6 ± 1.8 | 95.3 (92.1–97.2) | 50.0 (40.0–60.0) | 10.5 (6.0–18.6) | |
| At least one negative score on the above milestones at 36 months | C, F | 36 | 36.5 ± 1.1 | 36.8 ± 1.5 | 94.0 (90.1–96.3) | 60.2 (49.5–70.1) | 10.02 (6.0–16.6) | |
| 10. Copies a circle | F | 48 | 46.6 ± 1.7 | 47.4 ± 2.2 | * | 96.1 (93.0–97.9) | 53.6 (43.0–63.8) | 13.8 (7.3–26.2) |
Notes.
*p < 0.001.
a Items are only presented when both presence at the consultation time and response on an item when present at the consultation time was at least 70% for both cases and controls.
bC = communication, F = fine motor activity, adaptive and personal/social behavior, G = gross motor activity
cConfidence intervals for sensitivity and specificity are calculated with the Wilson score method [43]
dConfidence intervals for positive likelihood ratios are produced with the method described by Simel and colleagues [44]
eInformation about milestone may be registered upon caregivers notice.