Table 1. Characteristics of matched cases and controls including demographic characteristics, risk factors, underlying illnesses, and mortality.
| Melioidosis Cases (no. = 242) (%§) |
Melioidosis Controls (no. = 242) (%§) |
p-value | x2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean Age | ||||
| Male ‡ | 47.75 (16.6) | 47.82 (16.4) | ||
| Female ‡ | 42.95 (18.6) | 42.93 (18.7) | ||
| Male | 185 (76.4) | 185 (76.4) | ||
| Malay | 170 (70.2) | 170 (70.2) | ||
| Chinese | 9 (3.7) | 9 (3.7) | ||
| Indian | 3 (1.2) | 3 (1.2) | ||
| Others | 3 (1.2) | 3 (1.2) | ||
| Female | 57 (23.6) | 57 (23.6) | ||
| Malay | 55 (22.7) | 55 (22.7) | ||
| Chinese | 0 | 0 | ||
| Indian | 1 (0.4) | 1 (0.4) | ||
| Others | 1 (0.4) | 1 (0.4) | ||
| Occupation | ||||
| Low** | 26 (10.7) | 54 (22.3) | <0.001 | 11.74 |
| Medium | 69 (28.5) | 75 (31.0) | 0.60 | 0.36 |
| High* | 41 (16.9) | 25 (10.3) | 0.04 | 4.49 |
| Unknown | 106 (43.8) | 88 (36.4) | 0.12 | 2.79 |
| Smoker | ||||
| Yes | 52 (21.5) | 46 (19.0) | 0.678 | 0.17 |
| No | 109 (45.0) | 87 (36.0) | ||
| Unknown | 81 (33.5) | 109 (45.0) | ||
| Alcohol Consumption | ||||
| Yes | 3 (1.2) | 2 (0.8) | 0.202 | 0.65 |
| No | 239 (98.8) | 240 (99.2) | ||
| Underlying Illnesses | ||||
| Diabetes Mellitus** | 145 (59.9) | 73 (30.2) | <0.001 | 43.27 |
| Chronic Renal Failure** | 19 (7.9) | 5 (2.1) | 0.003 | 8.59 |
| Chronic Lung Disease | 3 (1.2) | 1 (0.3) | 0.315 | 1.01 |
| HIV/AIDs | 4 (1.7) | 1 (0.3) | 0.177 | 1.82 |
| Immunocompromised States | 4 (1.7) | 0 | ||
| Other Diseases | 87 (36.0) | 79 (32.7) | 0.045 | 4.03 |
Data shown as no. (%); p-value <0.05 * and <0.01 **
‡ data shown as mean (standard deviation)
§ percentages calculated based on total subjects (no.) for each disease group.
A few of the conditions included in the “Other Diseases” category are hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, heart disease, hepatitis B and C, thalassemia, and tuberculosis. A majority of the deceased patients presented with various combinations of the underlying illnesses, most commonly, diabetes mellitus and chronic renal failure, as well as, diabetes mellitus and other diseases.