Table 3. Case-fatality ratio and relative risk of death by socio-demographic and clinical factors among melioidosis culture-confirmed and suspected cases.

	Melioidosis Confirmed Cases (n = 220)				Melioidosis Suspected Cases (n = 193)
	n§	Deaths	RR	95% CI	n§	Deaths	RR	95% CI
Case Fatality Ratio‡	220	92	41.8	35.5–48.4	193	38	19.7	14.7–25.9
Sex
Male	163	68	Ref.	—	124	25	Ref.	—
Female	57	24	1.01	0.71–1.44	69	13	0.93	0.51–1.71
Age
0–24	34	9	0.53	0.29–0.97*	26	2	0.32	0.08–1.26
25–54	118	49	0.83	0.60–1.14	85	16	0.77	0.43–1.38
55+	68	34	Ref.	—	82	20	Ref.	—
Race
Malay	199	85	Ref.	—	175	33	Ref.	—
Chinese	9	3	0.78	0.31–1.99	11	3	1.45	0.53–3.98
Indian	7	3	1.00	0.42–2.40	3	0	0.00	NA
Others	5	1	0.47	0.08–2.72	4	2	2.65	0.95–7.41
Occupation
Low	24	6	Ref.	—	32	5	Ref.	—
Medium	68	19	1.12	0.51–2.47	72	12	1.07	0.41–2.78
High	34	12	1.41	0.62–3.23	28	5	1.14	0.37–3.54
Unknown	94	55	2.34	1.15–4.78*	61	16	1.68	0.68–4.16
Smoker
Yes	41	16	1.13	0.71–1.79	40	11	1.56	0.82–2.99
No	107	37	Ref.	—	108	19	Ref.	—
Unknown	72	39	1.57	1.12–2.19*	45	8	1.01	0.48–2.14
Underlying Illnesses
Diabetes Mellitus	128	61	1.41	1.01–1.99*	88	23	1.83	1.02–3.29*
Chronic Renal Failure	18	10	1.37	0.88–2.14	10	5	2.77	1.39–5.54*
Chronic Lung Disease	3	2	1.61	0.71–3.63	3	0	0	NA
HIV/AIDs	3	1	0.79	0.16–3.97	3	1	1.71	0.34–8.70
Immunocompromised States	5	2	0.96	0.32–2.83	2	0	0	NA
Other Diseases	83	30	0.80	0.57–1.12	58	14	1.36	0.76–2.43

^§ Individuals who were transferred to a different hospital or discharged from the hospital at their own risk were excluded from the analysis as we do not know if they final clinical outcome was death

^‡ data shown as case-fatality ratio rather than relative risk ratio

* indicates a p-value <0.05.