. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Mar 28.

Published in final edited form as: Eur J Endocrinol. 2017 Jul;177(1):33–40. doi: 10.1530/EJE-16-0958

Table 3.

Systemic Concentrations of Secreted Peptides Regulating Energy Homeostasis during Thermoneutral (TN) and Cold Exposure (CE) Conditions and Their Change Between The Two Conditions.

Parameters	TN	CE	Paired Change	p-value
Ghrelin (pg/ml)	38.0 ± 42.2	27.7 ± 26.2	−10.3 ± 30.1	0.165
Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide (pg/ml)	33.0 ± 25.0	35.5 ± 24.1	−2.5 ± 18.4	0.571
Glucagon-like Peptide 1 (pg/ml)	15.6 ± 12.6	17.7 ± 17.2	2.1 ± 10.6	0.420
Glucagon (pg/ml)	42.2 ± 28.3	34.5 ± 26.6	−7.7 ± 12.8	0.020
Leptin (pg/ml)	8379 ± 5153	6580 ± 4289	−1799 ± 2280	0.004
Pancreatic Polypeptide (pg/ml)	67.2 ± 63.9	55.5 ± 44.6	−11.7 ± 62.3	0.436
Peptide YY (pg/ml)	65.4 ± 51.2	55.5 ± 40.6	−10.0 ± 22.9	0.101
Insulin (µU/ml)	5.1 ± 3.8	4.7 ± 2.7	−0.8 ± 2.4	0.359

Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Absolute values represent the serum concentrations in the 5 h CE and TN metabolic studies.