TABLE 2.

Team Development Interventions: Definitions and Exemplar Sources

Intervention	Definition	Key Sources
Team task analysis	TTA refers to an intervention in which the major work behaviors and associated KSAs that are required for successful job or task performance are identified.	Arthur et al. (2005), Bowers et al. (1994), Swezey, Owens, Bergondy, and Salas (1998)
Team composition	TCo refers to the process of selecting, excluding, or removing individuals for a team based on individual member attributes relevant to and necessary for team effectiveness.	Bell (2007), Mathieu, Tannenbaum, Donsbach, and Alliger (2014)
Team work design	TWD is the specification and structuring of team tasks, goals, and roles within the broader team and organizational contexts.	Hollenbeck and Spitzmuller (2012), Morgeson and Humphrey (2008)
Team charters	A team charter refers to an intervention in which the development of a document is created focused on clarifying team direction while establishing boundaries and is used to improve the team’s effectiveness.	Aaron et al. (2014), Mathieu and Rapp (2009), Sverdrup and Schei (2015)
Team performance monitoring and assessment	Team monitoring and assessment of performance involve an intervention in which the degree to which teams are achieving goals through the implementation of teamwork and taskwork processes is captured.	Brannick, Salas, and Prince (1997), Cannon-Bowers and Salas (1997), Lynn and Reilly (2000)
Team debriefing	TD are interventions that encourage reflection and self-discovery, target potential opportunities for improvement, and as a result, improve the quality of experiential learning which thus improves team inputs, processes, and outcomes.	Adler, Bliese, McGurk, and Hoge (2009), Reid, Oxley, Dowdall, and Brennan (2015), Tannenbaum and Cerasoli (2012)
Team building	TB is an intervention implemented to enhance social relations and define roles within teams by promoting goal setting, providing interpersonal relationship management, role clarification, and improving problem-solving techniques.	DeMeuse and Liebowitz (1981), Dyer (1977), Klein et al. (2009), Tannenbaum et al. (1992)
Team training	TT is a broad category for all forms of training for teams that serves as an intervention to advance team members’ understanding of team-relevant knowledge, skills, and attitudes necessary for effectiveness.	Salas, DiazGranados, Klein, Burke, Stagl, and Halpin (2008), Salas, Nichols, and Driskoll (2007), Hughes et al. (2016)
Team coaching	TCa is an intervention in which direct interaction with a team is intended to help members make coordinated and task-appropriate use of their collective resources in accomplishing the team’s work	Ellis, Bell, Ployhart, Hollenbeck, and Ilgen (2005), Hackman and Wageman (2005), Rousseau, Aube, and Tremblay (2011)
Team leadership	TL represents the team-level within-team behaviors that enable individual members of the team to identify with and be motivated by the team.	Burke, Stagl, Klein, Goodwin, Salas, and Halpin (2006), Carson, Tesluk, and Marrone (2007), D’Innocenzo et al. (2016)