Figure 5.
Proposed OM-85BV stimulation of T2R taste receptors on ciliated sinonasal epithelium. Activation of taste-receptor signaling induces innate immune mechanisms including nitric oxide release which is directly bactericidal as well as stimulates ciliary beating. Ca2+= calcium ion; IP3= inositol trisphosphate; L-NAME= L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester, NO synthase inhibitor; NO= nitric oxide; NOS=nitric oxide synthase; PLCβ2= phospholipase C isoform β2; T2R=bitter taste receptor; TPPO= triphenylphosphine oxide; U73122= active isoform of PLCβ2 blocker