Table 1:
Age-standardized Baseline Characteristics in the NHS (1986) by Quintile of Nitrate Intake
|
Characteristic |
Quintile 1 (N=12519) |
Quintile 2 (N=12562) |
Quintile 3 (N=12502) |
Quintile 4 (N=12459) |
Quintile 5 (N=12493) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mean | SD | mean | SD | mean | SD | mean | SD | mean | SD | |
| Age, years | 51.0 | 7.3 | 51.5 | 7.1 | 52.2 | 7.1 | 52.8 | 7.0 | 53.5 | 6.9 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.2 | 4.9 | 25.2 | 4.6 | 25.1 | 4.6 | 25.1 | 4.5 | 25.0 | 4.4 |
| Physical Activity, METs/wk |
10.2 | 16.1 | 12.2 | 18.3 | 14.1 | 20.2 | 15.7 | 21.3 | 19.1 | 24.9 |
| AHEI* | 43.0 | 9.5 | 47.2 | 9.3 | 50.2 | 9.4 | 53.9 | 9.6 | 58.5 | 9.8 |
|
Age-adjusted Characteristics |
% |
% |
% |
% |
% |
|||||
| White Caucasian | 98 | 99 | 98 | 98 | 97 | |||||
| Family history of MI | 37 | 38 | 37 | 38 | 38 | |||||
| Diagnosis of Hypertension † | 22 | 22 | 23 | 22 | 24 | |||||
| Diagnosis of Hypercholesterolemia † | 10 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 12 | |||||
| Current Smoker | 27 | 21 | 20 | 19 | 18 | |||||
| Multi-vitamin user | 38 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 46 | |||||
| Current Aspirin user | 63 | 65 | 65 | 65 | 63 | |||||
| Any Postmenopausal Hormone use | 25 | 25 | 27 | 28 | 28 | |||||
| Dietary Intake | mean | SD | mean | SD | mean | SD | mean | SD | mean | SD |
| Caloric intake, kcal/d | 1725 | 537 | 1792 | 526 | 1824 | 522 | 1768 | 502 | 1729 | 537 |
| Alcohol intake, g/d | 5.8 | 11.8 | 6.3 | 11.1 | 6.6 | 10.8 | 6.5 | 9.9 | 6.5 | 10.1 |
| Median nitrate intake, mg/d ‡ | 63.5 | 15.7 | 102 | 9.2 | 134 | 9.5 | 171 | 12.9 | 273 | 105 |
| Vitamin C intake, mg/d | 271 | 334 | 307 | 342 | 329 | 348 | 368 | 378 | 444 | 428 |
| Vitamin E intake, mg/d | 34.2 | 74.1 | 37.3 | 75.7 | 38.8 | 75.5 | 43.5 | 81.3 | 50.2 | 89.7 |
| Folate intake, mg/d | 337 | 211 | 370 | 208 | 390 | 201 | 422 | 213 | 498 | 242 |
| Crude fibre intake, g/d | 3.9 | 1.2 | 4.6 | 1.2 | 5.1 | 1.3 | 5.6 | 1.4 | 6.7 | 1.8 |
| Fruit and vegetable intake, serving/d | mean | SD | mean | SD | mean | SD | mean | SD | mean | SD |
| Total Fruit and Vegetable Intake | 3.5 | 1.7 | 4.8 | 1.8 | 5.6 | 2.0 | 6.4 | 2.2 | 8.1 | 2.9 |
| Total Fruit Intake | 1.9 | 1.3 | 2.3 | 1.4 | 2.6 | 1.4 | 2.7 | 1.5 | 3.0 | 1.7 |
| Total Vegetable Intake | 1.6 | 0.7 | 2.4 | 0.8 | 3.1 | 0.9 | 3.7 | 1.1 | 5.1 | 1.8 |
| Total Green Leafy Vegetable Intake § | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.9 | 0.3 | 1.1 | 0.4 | 1.7 | 0.7 |
Abbreviations: SD, Standard Deviation; BMI, Body Mass Index; METs, Metabolic Equivalents; AHEI, Alternative Healthy Eating Index; MI, Myocardial Infarction
*
Alternative Healthy Eating Index, represents a total dietary score. Lowest=0, Highest=110;
†
Self-reported diagnosis;
‡
Values are the median dietary nitrate intakes for each quintile;
§
Total green leafy vegetables includes: cabbage, spinach (cooked and raw), kale and lettuce (romaine and iceberg)