Table 3.
Effect of the alignment changes of the articulated AFO on the lower-limb joint kinematic and kinetic parameters of gait in the affected lower-limb for subjects post-stroke.
| Gait parameters | A1 | A2 | A3 | A4 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | 95% Cl | Mean (SD) | 95% Cl | Mean (SD) | 95% Cl | Mean (SD) | 95% Cl | |
| (a) Ankle angle at initial contact (° ) | 1.26 (2.20)a,b,c | −.316, 2.83 | 2.25(2.52)d,e | −0.45, 4.06 | 3.91(2.49)f | 2.13, 5.69 | 4.96(1.91) | 3.60, 6.33 |
| (b) Peak dorsiflexion angle (° ) | 7.49(2.16)a,b,c | 5.94, 9.03 | 8.97(2.65)d,e | 7.07, 10.87 | 10.03(2.54) | 8.21, 11.85 | 10.81(2.90) | 8.74, 12.88 |
| (c) Peak dorsiflexor moment (Nm/kg) | −0.08(0.08) | −0.14, −0.02 | −0.08(0.09) | −0.15, −0.01 | −0.09(0.08) | −0.16, −0.02 | −0.09(0.10) | −0.16, −0.02 |
| (d) Peak plantarflexor moment (Nm/kg) | 0.54(0.31) | 0.30, 0.78 | 0.55(0.34) | 0.29, 0.82 | 0.55(0.33) | 0.30, 0.81 | 0.56(0.37) | 0.28, 0.84 |
| (e) Peak ankle positive power (W/kg) | 0.09(0.08) | 0.03, 0.16 | 0.11(0.10) | 0.03, 0.19 | 0.09(0.08) | 0.03, 0.16 | 0.12(0.11) | 0.03, 0.20 |
| (f) Knee angle at initial contact (° ) | 7.63(7.51) | 2.25, 13.00 | 7.56(7.67)e | 2.07, 13.05 | 9.01(7.36) | 3.74, 14.27 | 8.82(8.28) | 2.90, 14.74 |
| (g) Peak knee extension angle (° ) | −2.62(8.80)c | −8.91, 3.68 | −1.98(9.20)e | −8.56, 4.60 | −0.23(8.78) | −6.51, 6.06 | 0.37(10.11) | −6.86, 7.60 |
| (h) Peak knee flexor moment (Nm/kg) | −0.38(0.20)b,c | −0.53, −0.22 | −0.34(0.19)e | −0.49, −0.19 | −0.27(0.20) | −0.42, −0.12 | −0.27(0.22) | −0.44, −0.11 |
| (i) Hip angle at initial contact (° ) | 20.20(8.47) | 14.14, 26.26 | 20.18(8.53) | 14.08, 26.28 | 19.96(8.45) | 13.92, 26.00 | 20.03(8.47) | 13.97, 26.08 |
| (j) Peak hip extension angle (° ) | 2.37(7.59) | −3.06, 7.81 | 1.67(8.41) | −4.34, 7.69 | 1.99(8.40) | −4.02, 8.00 | 2.59(7.58) | −2.84, 8.01 |
| (k) Peak hip extensor moment (Nm/kg) | 0.24(0.15) | 0.12, 0.35 | 0.23(0.13) | 0.13, 0.33 | 0.23(0.14) | 0.12, 0.34 | 0.22(0.13) | 0.13, 0.32 |
| (l) Peak hip flexor moment (Nm/kg) | −0.18(0.07) | −0.24, −0.13 | −0.17(0.06) | −0.22, −0.12 | −0.19(0.08) | −0.26, −0.13 | −0.20(0.06) | −0.25, −0.15 |
Labels (a) –(f) indicate significant differences (at least P<0.05) between:
(a):
A1 and A2,
(b)
A1 and A3,
(c)
A1 and A4,
(d)
A2 and A3,
(e)
A2 and A4, and
(f)
A3 and A4.
Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval
Captions for figures