Table 4.
BADS (the Behavioural Assessment of Dysexecutive Syndrome battery) results with Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney comparisons across groups.
| M–W | M–W | M–W | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CTRL | HP | HD | K–W | HP vs. CTRL | HD vs. CTRL | HP vs. HD | |
| Median | Median | Median | χ2 | U | U | U | |
| BADS | (IQR; min–max) | (IQR; min–max) | (IQR; min–max) | (p-value) | (p-value) | (p-value) | (p-value) |
| Total | 17 | 18 | 12 | 16.985∗ | 130 | 31 ¥ | 36 # |
| (3; 13–22) | (6; 12–21) | (5; 9–18) | (<0.001) | (0.662) | (<0.001) | (0.001) | |
| Rule Shift Cards Test | 4 | 4 | 3 | 9.676∗ | 140 | 76 ¥ | 50 # |
| (1; 1–4) | (1; 3–4) | (2; 0–4) | (0.008) | (0.916) | (0.013) | (0.005) | |
| Action Program Test | 4 | 4 | 3 | 11.069∗ | 129 | 69 ¥ | 66 # |
| (0; 2–4) | (0; 0–4) | (2; 1–4) | (0.004) | (0.447) | (0.002) | (0.029) | |
| Key Search Test | 3 | 2 | 2 | 5.110 | 97.5 | 82.5 ¥ | 102.5 |
| (2; 0–4) | (2; 0–4) | (2; 0–4) | (0.078) | (0.106) | (0.032) | (0.669) | |
| Temporal Judgement Test | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3.284 | 101 | 103.5 | 105 |
| (1; 0–3) | (1; 0–3) | (1; 0–2) | (0.194) | (0.123) | (0.137) | (0.731) | |
| Zoo Map Test | 2 | 3 | 1 | 10.632∗ | 103 | 74 ¥ | 44 # |
| (2; 0–4) | (2; 0–4) | (2; 0–3) | (0.005) | (0.159) | (0.014) | (0.004) | |
| Modified Six Elements Test | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4.656 | 139.5 | 91.5 | 72.5 |
| (1; 1–4) | (1; 2–4) | (2; 0–4) | (0.097) | (0.906) | (0.056) | (0.073) | |
CTRL, control; HP, premanifest HD; HD, early manifest HD; IQR, interquartile range; min–max, minimum and maximum scores (range); BADS, The Behavioural Assessment of Dysexecutive Syndrome battery; K–W, Kruskal–Wallis; M–W, Mann–Whitney. ∗Significant group effect (Kruskal–Wallis, p < 0.05). ¥HD≠Control (Mann–Whitney, p < 0.05); #HD≠HP (Mann–Whitney, p < 0.05)