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. 2019 Mar 22;10:529. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00529

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Copyright © 2019 Liu, Wang, Xiong, Hong, Lu, Ohno and Wang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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FcμR and complement receptor promote mature B cell survival and activation. IgM (pentamer; for simplicity a monomeric IgM is depicted) binds to antigens (Ag) and the resulting IgM-Ag complexes can enhance B cell survival and activation through at least two pathways. (1) IgM-Ag complexes can activate complement (C') cascade, resulting in C' fixation on the Ag, which can crosslink BCR and C' receptor (CD21) on B cells (green arrows). (2) IgM-Ag complexes can crosslink BCR and FcμR on B cells (blue arrows). It remains to be elucidated whether these two pathways function cooperatively, independently or competitively [adapted from Ouchida et al. (27)].