Table 4.

Individual-level characteristics by regional home help utilisation

	All		IV below the median		IV above the median		Standardised mean diff.
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Personal characteristics
Female	0.61	0.49	0.59	0.49	0.62	0.48	− 0.06
Age	80.70	4.55	80.71	4.60	80.70	4.49	0.00
Married	0.38	0.49	0.40	0.49	0.36	0.48	0.09
Smoker	0.10	0.30	0.08	0.27	0.12	0.33	− 0.16
Health conditions/impairments
ADL count	0.82	1.27	0.74	1.23	0.92	1.31	− 0.14
Sight	0.20	0.40	0.20	0.40	0.19	0.39	0.03
Hearing	0.32	0.47	0.31	0.46	0.33	0.47	− 0.04
Arm/leg/hand	0.60	0.49	0.58	0.49	0.62	0.48	− 0.08
Skin	0.09	0.29	0.09	0.29	0.09	0.28	0.01
Breathing	0.20	0.40	0.18	0.38	0.22	0.41	− 0.11
Stomach	0.12	0.33	0.11	0.31	0.14	0.35	− 0.09
Diabetes	0.09	0.29	0.10	0.30	0.08	0.27	0.05
Anxiety/depression	0.09	0.29	0.09	0.28	0.10	0.30	− 0.05
Alcohol/drugs	0.00	0.03	0.00	0.03	0.00	0.04	− 0.01
Epilepsy	0.00	0.06	0.00	0.05	0.00	0.06	− 0.02
Migraine	0.04	0.21	0.05	0.21	0.04	0.20	0.02
Other	0.07	0.26	0.07	0.26	0.07	0.25	0.03
Heart blood	0.45	0.50	0.47	0.50	0.43	0.49	0.08
Subjective health status
Excellent/good	0.53	0.50	0.56	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.12
Fair	0.31	0.46	0.30	0.46	0.33	0.47	− 0.06
Poor/very poor	0.16	0.36	0.14	0.35	0.17	0.38	− 0.09
N	10,177		5646		4531

Balance tests compare for systematic differences in the control variables between the ‘treated’ and ‘control’ groups (here, above and below the IV median)