Table 1.
Demographic characteristics and gene expression of the cohorts
| HCs | CHR | FEP | SZ | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender (%) | M: 73 (52.1) | M: 17 (63) | M: 42 (60) | M: 100 (63.7) | 0.226a |
| F: 67 (47.9) | F: 10 (37) | F: 28 (40) | F: 57 (36.3) | ||
| Age in years (SD) | 33.51 (11.94) | 18.00 (3.27) | 25.86 (7.49) | 38.65 (10.82) | <0.001b |
| COMT (SD)c | 5.62 (0.31) | 5.60 (0.34) | 5.74 (0.33) | 5.55 (0.37) | 0.112d |
| TNF (SD)c | 7.01 (0.45) | 7.19 (0.35) | 7.18 (0.51) | 6.85 (0.50) | 0.372d |
| AKT1 (SD)c | 4.32 (0.27) | 4.31 (0.28) | 4.33 (0.34) | 4.30 (0.30) | 1.000d |
| MBP (SD)c | 8.79 (0.63) | 9.29 (0.92) | 8.42 (0.76) | 8.93 (0.54) | <0.001 d |
| DGCR8 (SD)c | 7.05 (0.43) | 7.00 (0.41) | 7.30 (0.53) | 7.17 (0.47) | 0.031 d |
| DICER1 (SD)c | 5.52 (0.37) | 5.53 (0.43) | 5.49 (0.41) | 5.42 (0.39) | 1.000d |
| DROSHA (SD)c | 6.60 (0.42) | 6.47 (0.60) | 6.85 (0.54) | 6.65 (0.44) | 0.056d |
| DGCR2 (SD)c | 4.72 (0.42) | 4.60 (0.40) | 4.54 (0.35) | 4.94 (0.41) | <0.001 d |
| UFD1 (SD)c | 7.29 (0.51) | 7.07 (0.40) | 7.51 (0.45) | 6.98 (0.47) | <0.001 d |
| DISC1 (SD)c | 8.66 (0.69) | 8.15 (0.73) | 8.62 (0.68) | 8.37 (0.88) | 0.005 d |
| NDEL1 (SD)c | 4.07 (0.32) | 4.12 (0.41) | 3.79 (0.40) | 4.06 (0.38) | <0.001 d |
| PAFAH1B1 (SD)c | 4.74 (0.25) | 4.71 (0.30) | 4.84 (0.31) | 4.70 (0.29) | 0.133d |
HC healthy controls, CHR clinical high risk, FEP first episode of psychosis, CSZ chronic schizophrenia, M male, F female
Bold values mean that the p-value are statistically significant considering a alpha <0.05
aP- value from Pearson’s chi-squared test comparing the four groups
bP value from analysis of variance (ANOVA) test comparing the four groups
cMean presented in ΔCrt which is negatively correlated with gene expression
dP value from general linear model (GLM) comparing the four groups. ΔCrt was inserted as dependent variable, group and gender as fixed factors, and age as covariate. Bonferroni correction for 12 comparisons was applied