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Effect of betaine on MAC-T exposed to heat stress for 12 h: a cellular viability; b caspase-3 activity; c apoptotic rate; d apoptosis events were determined by FACS analysis after PI/Annexin V staining in the treated MAC-T; and e the protein expression of Bax and Bcl-2. Data represent mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ns, not significant
