Table 5. Effects of intranasal drug excipients on human nasal mucociliary clearance and CBF.
| Compound | Indicator | Effect |
|---|---|---|
| Polysorbate 80 | CBF | Decrease, reversible41 |
| LPC | CBF | Decrease47 |
| Chitosans | Mucociliary clearance | No effect48 |
| Gamma-cyclodextrin | CBF | No effect46 |
| Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin | CBF | No effect46 |
| Alpha-cyclodextrin | CBF | No effect (30-minute exposure), decrease (high concentration, after 45-minute exposure), partially reversible46 |
| Dimethyl-beta-cyclodextrin | CBF | No effect (30-minute exposure), decrease (high concentration, after 45-minute exposure), irreversible46 |
| Poly(acrylic acid) 450 kDa-cysteine | CBF | Decrease, partially reversible50 |
| Alginate-cysteine | CBF | Decrease, partially reversible50 |
| Chitosan-thiobutylamidine | CBF | Decrease, partially reversible50 |
| Benzalkonium chloride | CBF | Decrease, irreversible16,31,51 |
| Mucociliary clearance | Decrease52/No effect54 | |
| Potassium sorbate | CBF | No effect15,16 |
CBF, ciliary beat frequency.