Table 2. DPP-4 Inhibitor Prescriptions and Other Cotreatments of Cases and Control Individuals.
| Variable | No. (%) | P Valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patients | Controls | ||
| DPP-4 Inhibitor | |||
| None | 410 (61.1) | 482 (71.9) | NA |
| Yes | 260 (38.9) | 188 (28.1) | <.001 |
| Vildagliptin | 118 (17.6) | 71 (10.6) | |
| Sitagliptin | 89 (13.3) | 57 (8.5) | |
| Linagliptin | 90 (13.4) | 58 (8.7) | |
| Othersb | 34 (5.1) | 25 (3.7) | |
| Cotreatments | |||
| Diuretics | |||
| Spironolactone | 63 (9.4) | 42 (6.3) | .04 |
| Furosemide | 160 (23.9) | 136 (20.3) | .13 |
| Thiazide | 145 (21.6) | 124 (18.5) | .17 |
| Other cardiovascular drugs | |||
| ACE inhibitor or ARB inhibitor | 358 (53.4) | 323 (48.2) | .06 |
| Calcium channel blocker | 304 (45.4) | 274 (40.9) | .11 |
| β-Blocker | 146 (21.8) | 122 (18.2) | .12 |
| Statins | 359 (53.6) | 362 (54.0) | .91 |
| Antiplatelet or anticoagulant | 404 (60.3) | 371 (55.4) | .08 |
| Psycholepticsc | 173 (25.8) | 122 (18.2) | <.001 |
| Antiparkinson drugs | 54 (8.1) | 46 (6.9) | .47 |
| NSAIDs | 177 (26.4) | 150 (22.4) | .10 |
| Other antidiabetic agentsd | 518 (77.3) | 558 (83.3) | .13 |
Abbreviations: ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; DPP-4, dipeptidyl peptidase 4; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.
a
P values determined with the χ2 test or Fisher exact test, as appropriate.
b
Others include patients prescribed saxagliptin, teneligliptin, gemigliptin, and alogliptin.
c
Psycholeptics (N05) include antipsychotics, anxiolytics, hypnotics, and sedatives.
d
Except for DPP-4 inhibitors.