Table 3. Weighted Percentage of Treatment Use Among US Children With Current Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).
| Characteristic | No. of Participants With ASDa | Behavioral Treatmentb | Medication Treatmentb | Neither Treatmentb | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % (95% CI) | P Valuec | % (95% CI) | P Valuec | % (95% CI) | P Valuec | ||
| Overall prevalence | 1115 | 63.6 (57.8-69.3) | NA | 27.2 (22.6-31.8) | NA | 29.5 (24.2-34.9) | NA |
| Age, y | .03 | .005 | .31 | ||||
| 3-5 | 122 | 74.1 (59.7-88.5) | 8.4 (0-16.8) | 24.9 (10.6-39.3) | |||
| 6-11 | 418 | 68.9 (59.6-78.2) | 28.5 (21.2-35.9) | 26.2 (17.2-35.2) | |||
| 12-17 | 575 | 54.4 (46.8-62.0) | 32.8 (25.6-40.0) | 34.6 (28.0-41.1) | |||
| Sex | .56 | .01 | .91 | ||||
| Male | 905 | 62.8 (56.4-69.1) | 30.0 (24.5-35.5) | 29.4 (23.5-35.3) | |||
| Female | 210 | 66.6 (55.1-78.1) | 16.8 (9.4-24.1) | 30.1 (18.8-41.4) | |||
| Race/ethnicityd | .44 | .004 | .25 | ||||
| Hispanic | 123 | 68.8 (53.5-84.2) | 15.3 (6.7-23.9) | 24.6 (9.9-39.3) | |||
| Non-Hispanic white | 779 | 61.8 (55.4-68.1) | 29.7 (24.3-35.1) | 31.7 (25.6-37.8) | |||
| Non-Hispanic black | 78 | 65.6 (49.8-81.4) | 40.2 (24.0-56.4) | 24.2 (13.0-35.4) | |||
| Non-Hispanic Asian | 48 | 77.4 (63.1-91.6) | 15.2 (4.9-25.6) | 20.4 (6.8-33.9) | |||
| Other | 87 | 49.4 (34.6-64.2) | 25.7 (12.8-38.7) | 45.6 (30.8-60.3) | |||
| Family income to poverty ratio | .62 | .50 | .66 | ||||
| <1.0 | 169 | 67.1 (54.4-79.7) | 26.9 (16.3-37.6) | 25.5 (14.1-36.9) | |||
| 1.0-1.9 | 210 | 59.0 (47.2-70.7) | 32.9 (21.7-44.1) | 32.4 (21.7-43.1) | |||
| 2.0-3.9 | 325 | 66.6 (58.0-75.2) | 22.2 (15.7-28.7) | 28.5 (20.3-36.7) | |||
| ≥4.0 | 411 | 60.0 (50.4-69.6) | 27.7 (20.4-35.0) | 33.3 (23.6-43.0) | |||
| Insurance type | <.001 | .19 | .003 | ||||
| Public only | 334 | 67.9 (58.5-77.2) | 32.4 (24.0-40.8) | 25.8 (17.3-34.4) | |||
| Private only | 593 | 64.6 (56.8-72.3) | 22.5 (17.7-27.3) | 29.7 (22.1-37.2) | |||
| Private and public | 148 | 57.6 (43.9-71.3) | 25.0 (11.1-39.0) | 30.0 (18.7-41.2) | |||
| Unspecified | 11 | 12.5 (0-30.8) | 19.4 (0-46.6) | 74.2 (41.6-100) | |||
| Not insured | 27 | 19.1 (3.3-34.9) | 13.2 (0-32.6) | 70.4 (47.7-93.0) | |||
Abbreviation: NA, not applicable.
a
Eighteen participants were omitted from this analysis because of missing information on ASD treatment.
b
Based on nonmutually exclusive categories. The percentages do not sum to 100% because some children may use both behavioral treatment and medication treatment.
c
P values for overall differences in the weighted percentages by strata.
d
Race and Hispanic ethnicity were self-reported and classified based on 1997 US Office of Management and Budget standards.