Table 4. Weighted Binary Logistic Regression Models for Dichotomized Treatment Types in US Children With Current Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).
| Characteristic | Behavioral Treatmenta | Medication Treatmenta | Neither Treatmenta | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds Ratio (95% CI)b | P Value | Odds Ratio (95% CI)b | P Value | Odds Ratio (95% CI)b | P Value | |
| Age, y | ||||||
| 3-5 | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| 6-11 | 0.63 (0.28-1.41) | .26 | 3.73 (1.11-12.49) | .03 | 1.22 (0.55-2.72) | .62 |
| 12-17 | 0.33 (0.15-0.71) | .005 | 4.02 (1.20-13.41) | .02 | 1.81 (0.87-3.78) | .11 |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| Female | 1.36 (0.77-2.42) | .29 | 0.56 (0.30-1.03) | .06 | 0.90 (0.51-1.59) | .72 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| Hispanic | 0.97 (0.47-2.01) | .93 | 0.47 (0.20-1.10) | .08 | 0.86 (0.40-1.85) | .71 |
| Non-Hispanic black | 1.17 (0.55-2.50) | .69 | 1.44 (0.71-2.90) | .31 | 0.68 (0.35-1.33) | .26 |
| Non-Hispanic Asian | 1.73 (0.73-4.11) | .21 | 0.49 (0.21-1.11) | .09 | 0.63 (0.26-1.54) | .31 |
| Other | 0.54 (0.27-1.08) | .08 | 0.90 (0.43-1.86) | .77 | 1.88 (0.90-3.92) | .09 |
| Family income to poverty ratio | ||||||
| <1.0 | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| 1.0-1.9 | 0.74 (0.35-1.56) | .42 | 1.17 (0.55-2.50) | .69 | 1.38 (0.66-2.88) | .40 |
| 2.0-3.9 | 1.00 (0.48-2.09) | .99 | 0.90 (0.45-1.83) | .78 | 1.20 (0.57-2.56) | .63 |
| ≥4.0 | 0.83 (0.37-1.84) | .65 | 1.20 (0.54-2.69) | .66 | 1.37 (0.59-3.17) | .46 |
| Insurance type | ||||||
| Private only | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| Public only | 1.12 (0.60-2.10) | .71 | 1.87 (0.98-3.55) | .06 | 0.97 (0.50-1.88) | .93 |
| Private and public | 0.77 (0.40-1.50) | .45 | 1.24 (0.53-2.93) | .62 | 1.00 (0.52-1.94) | .99 |
| Unspecified | 0.04 (0-0.36) | .004 | 2.15 (0.46-9.92) | .33 | 12.31 (1.45-104.45) | .02 |
| Not insured | 0.12 (0.04-0.42) | <.001 | 0.54 (0.09-3.11) | .49 | 5.92 (1.49-23.58) | .01 |
Abbreviation: NA, not applicable.
a
Based on nonmutually exclusive categories. For example, in the analysis on risk factors for behavioral treatment, the outcome variable was dichotomized as receiving behavioral treatment vs not receiving behavioral treatment.
b
Adjusted simultaneously for all other characteristic variables in the table as well as the state.