Table 2. Procedural and Institutional Characteristics.
| Characteristic | No. (%) | P Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (N = 3 342 162) | ULM PCI (n = 33 128) | All Other PCI (n = 3 309 034) | ||
| Procedural Characteristics | ||||
| Arterial access site | <.001 | |||
| Femoral | 2 606 273 (78.0) | 28 535 (86.2) | 2 577 738 (77.9) | |
| Brachial | 8529 (0.3) | 180 (0.5) | 8349 (0.3) | |
| Radial | 724 499 (21.7) | 4323 (13.1) | 720 176 (21.8) | |
| Other | 1778 (0.1) | 81 (0.2) | 1697 (0.1) | |
| MCS | 52 097 (1.6) | 8169 (24.7) | 43 928 (1.3) | <.001 |
| Before PCI | 7278 (0.2) | 1722 (5.2) | 5556 (0.2) | <.001 |
| During or after PCI | 36 554 (1.1) | 3442 (10.4) | 33 112 (1.0) | <.001 |
| IABP | 41 051 (1.2) | 4538 (13.7) | 36 513 (1.1) | <.001 |
| Before PCI | 4459 (0.1) | 1095 (3.3) | 3364 (0.1) | <.001 |
| During or after PCI | 26 825 (0.8) | 68 (0.2) | 26 757 (0.8) | <.001 |
| Other MCS | 12 630 (0.4) | 4023 (12.1) | 8607 (0.3) | <.001 |
| Before PCI | 2894 (0.1) | 648 (2.0) | 2246 (0.1) | <.001 |
| During or after PCI | 9729 (0.3) | 3374 (10.2) | 6355 (0.2) | <.001 |
| Contrast volume, mean (SD), mL | 185.1 (83.6) | 216.9 (114.1) | 184.8 (83.1) | <.001 |
| Fluoroscopy time, mean (SD), min | 13.5 (10.4) | 23.0 (16.4) | 13.4 (10.3) | <.001 |
| Lesion Characteristics | ||||
| Class C lesion | 1 855 009 (55.7) | 24 520 (74.0) | 1 830 489 (55.5) | <.001 |
| LMCA bifurcation | NA | 14 947 (45.1) | NA | NA |
| 1 Stent | NA | 8871 (26.8) | NA | NA |
| >1 Stent | NA | 6053 (18.3) | NA | NA |
| Missing | NA | 23 (0.1) | NA | NA |
| Lesion treated previously | 310 066 (9.3) | 2909 (8.8) | 307 157 (9.3) | <.001 |
| Restenosis | 263 664 (7.9) | 2464 (7.4) | 261 200 (7.9) | .001 |
| Stent thrombosis | 42 790 (1.3) | 231 (0.7) | 42 559 (1.3) | <.001 |
| Lesion length, mean (SD), mm | 30.1 (27.8) | 51.8 (54.7) | 29.9 (27.3) | <.001 |
| No. of lesions treated, mean (SD) | 1.4 (0.6) | 2.0 (1.1) | 1.3 (0.6) | <.001 |
| Multivessel PCI | 743 542 (22.2) | 15 635 (47.2) | 727 907 (22.0) | <.001 |
| PCI Characteristics | ||||
| Atherectomy | <.001 | |||
| Laser | 4734 (0.1) | 135 (0.4) | 4599 (0.1) | |
| Orbital | 6353 (0.2) | 303 (0.9) | 6050 (0.2) | |
| Rotational | 38 705 (1.2) | 2649 (8.0) | 36 056 (1.1) | |
| Thrombectomy | ||||
| Aspiration | 136 864 (4.1) | 530 (1.6) | 136 334 (4.1) | <.001 |
| Mechanical | 14 041 (0.4) | 117 (0.4) | 13 924 (0.4) | .06 |
| Cutting or scoring balloon | 133 315 (4.0) | 3409 (10.3) | 129 906 (3.9) | <.001 |
| No. of stents, mean (SD) | 1.5 (0.8) | 2.2 (1.3) | 1.5 (0.8) | <.001 |
| BMS | 619 169 (18.5) | 4831 (14.6) | 614 338 (18.6) | <.001 |
| DES | 2 756 071 (82.5) | 29 226 (88.2) | 2 726 845 (82.4) | <.001 |
| Stent type | <.001 | |||
| Cobalt chromium EES | 1 264 395 (45.9) | 12 662 (43.3) | 1 251 733 (45.9) | |
| Platinum chromium EES | 581 530 (21.1) | 7059 (24.2) | 574 471 (21.1) | |
| ZES | 602 324 (21.9) | 5636 (19.3) | 596 688 (21.9) | |
| PES | 168 608 (6.1) | 1207 (4.1) | 167 401 (6.1) | |
| SES | 61 284 (2.2) | 427 (1.5) | 60 857 (2.2) | |
| Bioabsorbable DES | 519 (0.0) | 0 | 519 (0.0) | |
| Other DES | 515 (0.0) | 6 (0.0) | 509 (0.0) | |
| >1 DES type | 76 896 (2.8) | 2229 (7.6) | 74 667 (2.7) | |
| Operator annual PCI volume, mean (SD) | 102.6 (68.5) | 128.4 (91.0) | 102.3 (68.2) | <.001 |
| Institutional Characteristics | ||||
| Institutional location | <.001 | |||
| Rural | 437 460 (13.1) | 2882 (8.7) | 434 578 (13.1) | |
| Suburban | 1 029 765 (30.8) | 8319 (25.1) | 1 021 446 (30.9) | |
| Urban | 1 874 937 (56.1) | 21 927 (66.2) | 1 853 010 (56.0) | |
| Institutional designation | <.001 | |||
| Government | 36 827 (1.1) | 320 (0.7) | 36 507 (1.1) | |
| Private/community | 2 901 604 (86.8) | 25 645 (77.4) | 2 875 959 (86.9) | |
| University | 403 731 (12.1) | 7163 (21.6) | 396 568 (12.0) | |
| Teaching institution | 1 624 038 (48.6) | 20 634 (62.3) | 1 603 404 (48.5) | <.001 |
| Institutional census division | <.001 | |||
| E North Central | 620 265 (18.6) | 5524 (16.7) | 614 741 (18.6) | |
| E South Central | 283 289 (8.5) | 1817 (5.5) | 281 472 (8.5) | |
| Middle Atlantic | 400 730 (12.0) | 3842 (11.6) | 396 888 (12.0) | |
| Mountain | 164 696 (4.9) | 1494 (4.5) | 163 202 (4.9) | |
| New England | 138 721 (4.2) | 1552 (4.7) | 137 169 (4.1) | |
| Pacific | 366 298 (11.0) | 5804 (17.5) | 360 494 (10.9) | |
| South Atlantic | 767 927 (23.0) | 6420 (19.4) | 761 507 (23.0) | |
| W North Central | 282 283 (8.4) | 3785 (11.4) | 278 498 (8.4) | |
| W South Central | 317 887 (9.5) | 2890 (8.7) | 314 997 (9.5) | |
| Institutional annual PCI volume, mean (SD) | 600.3 (404.6) | 693.9 (429.8) | 599.3 (404.3) | <.001 |
| On-site surgical back-up | 2 883 567 (86.3) | 30 763 (92.9) | 2 852 804 (86.2) | <.001 |
Abbreviations: BMS, bare-metal stent; DES, drug-eluting stent; EES, everolimus-eluting stent; IABP, intra-aortic balloon pump; LMCA, left main coronary artery; MCS, mechanical circulatory support; NA, not applicable; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; PES, paclitaxel-eluting stent; SES, sirolimus-eluting stent; ULM, unprotected left main; ZES, zotarolimus-eluting stent.