Figure 1. Study Flow Diagram.

Adults receiving emergency-only dialysis were consecutively referred to apply for private health insurance with coverage for scheduled dialysis services during a 2-week enrollment period.

^aIndividuals in the emergency-only group had the potential to enroll in scheduled dialysis during the second open enrollment from November 2015 to February 2016. For all analyses, these individuals were considered to be in the emergency-only group for the entirety of the follow-up period.

^bOf the 3 individuals who died between 9 and 12 months of follow-up, 1 was enrolled in scheduled dialysis and died shortly after enrollment.